Complex type 4 structure changing dynamics of digital agents: Nash equilibria of a game with arms race in innovations

The new digital economy has renewed interest in how digital agents can innovate. This follows the legacy of John von Neumann dynamical systems theory on complex biological systems as computation. The Gödel-Turing-Post (GTP) logic is shown to be necessary to generate innovation based structure changing Type 4 dynamics of the Wolfram-Chomsky schema. Two syntactic procedures of GTP logic permit digital agents to exit from listable sets of digital technologies to produce novelty and surprises. The first is meta-analyses or offline simulations. The second is a fixed point with a two place encoding of negation or opposition, referred to as the Gödel sentence. It is postulated that in phenomena ranging from the genome to human proteanism, the Gödel sentence is a ubiquitous syntactic construction without which escape from hostile agents qua the Liar is impossible and digital agents become entrained within fixed repertoires. The only recursive best response function of a 2-person adversarial game that can implement strategic innovation in lock-step formation of an arms race is the productive function of the Emil Post [58] set theoretic proof of the Gödel incompleteness result. This overturns the view of game theorists that surprise and innovation cannot be a Nash equilibrium of a game

The conservation equations for independent coexistent continua and for multicomponent reacting gas mixtures

The equations for conservation of mass, momentum, and energy are derived for a set of independent, coexistent continua obeying the laws of dynamics and thermodynamics. The idea of a control volume and a control surface for each continuum is used in the analysis. The derived results are practically identical with relations obtained previously by Th. von Kármán. A direct comparison is conducted between the continuum theory results and those obtained from kinetic theory by assuming that, for each of the species, the kinetic theory definitions apply. It is found that the new terms appearing in the conservation equations derived from continuum theory are precisely those which are required to make these equations identical with the results obtained from the kinetic theory of multicomponent, reacting gas mixtures. However, the continuum theory forms of the equations are not useful because they require knowledge of the transport properties for individual species in the mixture