A New Hybrid EDTA–Zirconium Phosphate Cation-Exchanger: Synthesis, Characterization and Adsorption Behaviour for Environmental Monitoring

EDTA–zirconium phosphate has been synthesized as a new amorphous hybrid cation-exchanger by the combination of the inorganic ion-exchanger zirconium phosphate and EDTA, thereby providing a new class of organic–inorganic hybrid ion-exchanger with better mechanical and granular properties, a good ion-exchange capacity (2.40 mequiv/g dry exchanger for Na + ), good reproducibility, and a higher stability and selectivity towards heavy metal ions. It has been characterized using FT-IR, TGA/DTA, X-ray and SEM methods, in addition to ion-exchange studies such as the determination of its ion-exchange capacity, elution and distribution behaviour, to provide a better understanding of the ion-exchange behaviour of the material. On the basis of distribution studies, the material was found to be highly selective towards Th(IV) and its selectivity was examined by achieving some important binary separations such as Cd(II)–Th(IV), Ni(II)–Th(IV), Hg(II)–Th(IV), Zn(II)–Th(IV), Pb(II)–Th(IV) and Al(III)–Th(IV) by column means, indicating its utility in environmental pollution control in one way or other

Ion-Exchange Equilibria of Transition Metals and Potassium Ions on an Inorganic Ion-Exchanger: Zirconium(IV) Iodophosphate

The ion-exchange equilibria of various divalent transition metal ion (Co 2+ , Zn 2+ , Cd 2+ and Cu 2+ )/K + systems have been studied over the temperature range 30–60°C on zirconium(IV) iodophosphate (ZIP). The exchange isotherms were constructed by means of a batch technique for M(NO 3 ) 2 /KNO 3 media of 0.01 mol/kg ionic strength, where M = Co 2+ , Zn 2+ , Cd 2+ or Cu 2+ . The selectivity sequence was determined as Co 2+ < Zn 2+ < Cd 2+ < Cu 2+ . Thermodynamic equilibrium constants and values of ΔG 0 , ΔS 0 and ΔH 0 were evaluated for the exchange process

Synthesis, Characterization and Application of a Derivatized Acidic Salt of a Tetravalent Metal. Pyridine Anchored on to Tin(IV) Tungstoselenate

The inorgano-organic ion-exchanger, tin(IV) tungstoselenate–pyridine, has been prepared by derivatizing the inorganic ion-exchange material, tin(IV) tungstoselenate, with an organic moiety, pyridine. Chemical studies showed the tin(IV) tungstoselenate/pyridine mole ratio to be 806.5:1, indicating a weak sorption of pyridine on to the surface of the tin(IV) tungstoselenate. The material was characterized on the basis of SEM, FT-IR, TGA and DTA studies. The uptake of Cu 2+ , Ni 2+ , Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ ions was found to be much higher on tin(IV) tungstoselenate–pyridine relative to tin(IV) tungstoselenate. The uptake of these metal ions as a function of loading and pH was also studied when the following affinity order was observed: Cu 2+ > Co 2+ > Ni 2+ > Fe 2+ > Fe 3+ . The uptake of metal ions increased initially with loading but became constant at higher loading. The most favourable pH range was found to be that between 3.5 and 4.5

Heterogeneous and homogeneous reactive flow of magnetite-water nanofluid over a magnetized moving plate

This model is dedicated to visualizing the nature of magnetite-water nanoliquid induced by a permeable plate having variable magnetic effect, non-linear radiation, heterogeneous and homogeneous chemically reactive species. The system of momentum, thermal and concentration expressions is formulated and transformed from the partial to ordinary differential systems by using the adequate transforms. This highly non-linear system is solved through RKF (Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg) numerical method. Important parameters such as suction/injection, magnetic, and radiation effects as well as other relevant parameters are investigated. The graphs show that the rise in radiation parameter numerically improves the thermal distribution, implying a faster heat transfer rate. Non-linear radiation has greater effect on temperature than the linear radiation. While the volume concentration effect reveals that the friction factor increase with the enhancement of nanoparticle concentration. It is also observed that, plate velocity decreases the skin-friction but increases the wall heat transfer for both suction and blowing cases. The results indicate that the current research has a strong agreement with the relevant data in a limiting approach

Quantiferon vs. tuberculin testing in detection of latent tuberculous infection among chronic renal failure patients

Latent tuberculous infection (LTBI) lacks a solid gold standard in its diagnosis and many clinicians rely upon tuberculin testing, however there has been an increasing interest in depending on Interferon Gamma Release Assays especially Quantiferon-Gold (QFT-G). Since chronic renal failure (CRF) poses an important health problem in Egypt and taking into consideration the immuno compromisation caused by this condition, LTBI detection emerged as an important health concern in those patients. In this study, the aim was to find which tool was better in the detection of LTBI in CRF patients. Forty patients with chronic renal failure and on hemodialysis, with exclusion of active tuberculosis and other immuno compromisation conditions were tested for LTBI by tuberculin skin test (TST) and QFT-G. 25% of the tested showed LTBI. It was found that although both tests gave comparable results, yet there was a discrepancy between both. TST+/QFT+ group was 10%, TST+/QFT− group was 5%, TST−/QFT+ was 10% and TST−/QFT− group was 75%. Conclusion: In Chronic renal failure and probably any immuno compromisation setting, it would be better to perform both tuberculin and Quantiferon tests to detect latent tuberculous infection

Role of cationic gemini surfactants (m-s-m type) on the oxidation of d-glucose by permanganate

Cationic gemini (m-s-m type; m = 16, s = 4,5,6) surfactants were used to determine the micelles assisted kinetics parameters, mechanism of permanganate-D-glucose redox system in an aqueous solution by means of UV-visible spectroscopy at 40 °C. Effects of different [gemini surfactant], [permanganate], [D-glucose] and temperature on the reaction rate were investigated. Various activation parameters such as activation energy (Ea), enthalpy of activation (ΔH#), free energy of activation (ΔG#), and entropy of activation (ΔS#) have been evaluated. Menger-Portony pseudo-phase model modified by Bunton was used to analyze the role of gemini surfactant on the rate constant. Spacer chain length of surfactants has significant impact on the oxidation -reduction kinetics. A suitable mechanism reliable with the experimental results has been proposed and discussed. The cationic gemini surfactant micellar media are relatively more efficient than conventional monomeric surfactant i.e. cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)