The contribution of general language ability, reading comprehension and working memory to mathematics achievement among children with English as additional language (EAL): an exploratory study

An increasing number of high-stakes mathematics standardised tests around the world place an emphasis on using mathematical word problems to assess students’ mathematical understanding. Not only do these assessments require children to think mathematically, but making sense of these tests’ mathematical word problems also brings children’s language ability, reading comprehension and working memory into play. The nature of these test items places a great deal of cognitive demand on all mathematics learners, but particularly on children completing the assessments in a second language that is still developing. This paper reports findings from an exploratory study on the contribution of language to mathematics achievement among 35 children with English as an Additional Language (EAL) and 31 children with English as their first language (FLE). The findings confirm the prominent role of general language ability in the development and assessment of mathematical ability. This variable explained more variance than working memory in word-based mathematics scores for all learners. Significant differences were found between the performance of FLE learners and EAL learners on solving mathematical word-based problems, but not on wordless problems. We conclude that EAL learners need to receive more targeted language support, including help with specific language knowledge needed to understand and solve mathematical word problems

Bringing mathematics alive through stories

Stories and mathematics are often seen as incompatible. This misconception is arguably caused by the way mathematics is perceived only as a collection of formulae, largely abstract and void of meaningful context. However, many previous studies provide evidence that connecting stories and mathematics together is beneficial to both literacy and mathematical development. This chapter will draw from relevant theories and research literature to highlight potential cognitive and emotive benefits of integrating stories in developing mathematical thinking and learning for young children. The chapter will also discuss some of the benefits of treating learners not only as consumers of mathematical stories, but also as their producers. Finally, the chapter will end with some interesting case studies of practitioners using stories in their mathematics teaching