Pathways for low carbon Nigeria in 2050 by using NECAL2050

Due to the adverse impacts of energy production and consumption on the climate, countries across theworld are now charged with developing effective strategies that provide energy security and protect theclimate. However, studies exploring pathways to reduce energy demand and GHG emissions in Nigeriaare limited and have not really focused on what is technically feasible within the country. In thisresearch, we use the Nigerian Energy Calculator 2050 to examine and compare the energy balances andGHG mitigation potentials for four alternative low carbon scenarios which are possible by 2050. Resultsshow that the alternative low carbon pathways will reduce energy consumption, GHG emissions, and airpollution compared to the business-as-usual case. However, our analysis indicates that fossil fuels willstill dominate the Nigerian energy system in all scenarios by 2050. Thus, efforts that successfullydecouple economic development from GHG emissions are still needed to keep Nigeria on the path of lowcarbon transition. Our findings further suggest that bioenergy and energy efficiency will play significantroles towards decarbonizing Nigeria. Policy implications for low carbon transition based on our analysisare also discussed. This paper may serve as a reference for developing energy and climate policies inNigeria

Electromobility in Australia: Tariff Design Structure and Consumer Preferences for Mobile Distributed Energy Storage

The adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) may contribute to decarbonisation of the transport sector and has the potential to offer value to consumers and electricity grid operators through its energy storage capabilities. While electricity tariffs can play an important role in consumer uptake of EVs, little is known about how EV charging tariff design affects EV users’ behaviour in participating in applications that can support the electricity grid, such as those applications classed under Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X). Examining the case of Australia, this study reviews the literature on electromobility with a focus on EV charging tariffs and its impact on consumer behaviour within the V2X context. The main findings drawn from up-to-date publications show that a well-designed EV tariff structure, available parking, and EV charging facilities can increase consumer participation in V2X. However, cooperation between EV users and grid operators is needed to establish a form of controlled charging agreement to harness the full potential of the EV electricity storage system for grid stability and battery support operations. To achieve this, the right tariff structure will have to be established to incentivise EV consumers to subscribe to V2X services. We also present recommendations for EV tariff design to support Australian consumer participation in V2G. Finally, we identify research gaps for further research