RANK-Fc inhibits malignancy via inhibiting ERK activation and evoking caspase-3-mediated anoikis in human osteosarcoma cells

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumour, mainly afflicting the young. While there has been substantial improvement in treatment of OS with surgery and chemotherapy in the past two decades, this disease remains a significant health problem, warranting efforts to find better therapeutic options. In this study, we examined the RANK/RANKL axis in OS cells, using a RANK-Fc protein to perturb this coupling in an effort to reduce OS cell growth. RANK-Fc suppressed OS cell migration (P\0.005), invasion ability (P\0.05), and anchorage-independent ability in collagen- 1 gel (P\0.005) following induction of anoikis and activation of caspase-3. OS cell proliferation was not perturbed by RANK-Fc. The anti-invasion and anti-metastasis capability of RANK-Fc is attributed to reduced extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) signaling via RANKFc, though activation of NFjB, and altered expression of Akt, p38, JNK, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 were ruled out. In vivo, activity of the RANK-Fc against OS cell migration and invasion was confirmed in a model strictly monitoring metastasis. Thus, RANK-Fc, given its ability to directly reduce OS aggression, is a potential drug candidate

Materials Used Intraoperatively During Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Procedures

Oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) is a broad scope medical and dental specialty that focuses on the diagnoses and treatment of a wide range of disorders including those that affect the head and neck, as well as the facial complex and skeleton. A number of tools and materials can be used intraoperatively with the intention of increasing the success rate of a surgical procedure and shortening the healing time for patients. In this chapter, we will explore several elements of surgical intervention relating to the use of varying types of bone grafts, along with implementing growth factors and enhancers including bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and platelet-rich plasma (PRP). In addition, we will examine the use of biodegradable materials including bone plates, membranes, and scaffolds. Further, we will discuss the use of implantable devices in the surgical treatment of patients for replacement of teeth and fixation of hard tissue structures using customizable titanium plates and screws within the realm of OMFS. Finally, we consider what the future holds with regard to technologically assisted surgery

Kreislaufstillstand in besonderen Situationen

Truhlář A, Deakin CD, Soar J, et al. Kreislaufstillstand in besonderen Situationen. Notfall + Rettungsmedizin. 2015;18(8):833-903