Tween-Embedded Microemulsions—Physicochemical and Spectroscopic Analysis for Antitubercular Drugs

The microemulsion composed of oleic acid, phosphate buffer, ethanol, and Tween (20, 40, 60, and 80) has been investigated in the presence of antitubercular drugs of extremely different solubilities, viz. isoniazid (INH), pyrazinamide (PZA), and rifampicin (RIF). The phase behavior showing the realm of existence of microemulsion has been delineated at constant surfactant/co-surfactant ratio (Km = 0.55) with maximum isotropic region resulting in the case of Tween 80. The changes in the microstructure of Tween 80-based microemulsion in the presence of anti-TB drugs have been established using conductivty (σ) and viscosity (η) behavior. The optical microscopic images of the system help in understanding the effect of dilution and presence of drug on the structure of microemulsion. Partition coefficient, particle size analysis, and spectroscopic studies (UV–visible, Fourier transform infrared, and 1H NMR) have been performed to evaluate the location of a drug in the colloidal formulation. To compare the release of RIF, PZA, and INH from Tween 80 formulation, the dissolution studies have been carried out. It shows that the release of drugs follow the order INH>PZA>RIF. The kinetics of the release of drug has been analyzed using the Korsmeyer and Peppas equation. The results have given a fair success to predict that the release of PZA and INH from Tween 80 microemulsion is non-Fickian, whereas RIF is found to follow a Fickian mechanism