Use of rubberised backfills for improving the seismic response of integral abutment bridges

Reuse of the 1.5 billion waste tyres that are produced annually is a one of the major worldwide challenges, as waste tyres are toxic and cause pollution to the environment. In recognition of this problem, this paper introduces the reuse of tyres, in the form of derived aggregates in mixtures with granulated soil materials, as previous studies indicated the potential benefits of these materials in the seismic performance of structures. The objective of the present research study is to investigate whether use of rubberised backfills benefits the seismic response of Integral Abutment Bridges (IABs) by enhancing soil-structure interaction (SSI) effects. Numerical models including typical integral abutments on surface foundation with nonlinear conventional backfill material and its alternative form as soil-rubber mixtures are analysed and their response parameters are compared. The research is conducted on the basis of parametric analysis, which aims to evaluate the influence of different rubber-soil mixtures on the dynamic response of the abutment-backfill system under various seismic excitations, accounting for dynamic soil-abutment interaction. The results provide evidence that the use of rubberised backfill leads to reductions in the backfill settlements, the horizontal displacements of the bridge deck, the residual horizontal displacements of the top of the abutment and the pressures acting on the abutment, up to 55%, 18%, 43% and 47% respectively, with respect to a conventional backfill comprising of clean sand. Considerable amount of decrease in bending moments and shear forces on the abutment wall is also observed. Therefore, rubberised backfills offer promising solution to mitigate the earthquake risk, towards economic design with minimal damage objectives for the resilience of transportation networks