Article Addendum: Ecocultural basis of cognition: Farmers and fishermen are more holistic than herders

It has been hypothesized that interdependent (versus independent) social orientations breed more holistic (versus analytic) cognitions. If so, farming and small-scale fishing, which require more cooperation (and represent a more interdependent mode of being) than does herding, may encourage a more holistic mode of cognition. To test this hypothesis we compared responses to tasks measuring categorization, reasoning, and attention by members of herding, fishing, and farming communities in the eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. The samples did not differ from each other in important demographic variables such as nationality, ethnicity, language, and religion, as well as age and education. As hypothesized, in all three tasks, results indicated a greater degree of holistic mode of cognition exhibited by the members of fishing and farming communities than members of herding communities. The findings support the notion that level of special interdependence fostered by ecocultural settings is likely to shape the ways in which individuals perceive and attend to their surrounding world

Piles

Artwor

Checkmate: How Sexual Predators in (Your)Space Have Strategically Employed Existing Cyber-Laws to Outflank Their Prey

Commen

Chicken

Artwor

Design, Synthesis And Analysis Of Potential Photo-Activatable Cathepsin K Inhibitors

Abstract DESIGN, SYNTHESIS AND ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL PHOTO-ACTIVATABLE CATHEPSIN K INHIBITORS by KHALIN NISBETT May 2017 Advisor: Dr. Jeremy Kodanko Major: Chemistry Degree: Master of Science Tightly regulated cysteine CA proteases play a major role in maintaining the homeostasis within cells. Subsequently, when these proteases are dysregulated and mislocalized they disrupt healthy cell dynamics and contribute to many life-threatening pathologies such arteriosclerosis, osteoporosis and cancer. As such many pharmaceutical companies and research teams are highly interested in these proteases as targets. One emergent strategy is the spatiotemporal control of biological processes. In relation to this, a series of spatiotemporally controlled inhibitors of CA proteases are being developed by the Kodanko Lab. This thesis describes the investigation of two new cathepsin K (CST-K) inhibitor derivatives and a new RuII-inhibitor binding protocol. With regards to the free inhibitor derivatives, increased basicity at P2 and P3 decreased the efficacy of the inhibitors. Also, described herein is the successful caging and photo-release of one of the dipeptide nitrile inhibitors. The new RuII chaperone ([RuII])–inhibitor binding protocol is aimed at increasing the stability of RuII-inhibitor complexes in cell growth media. The investigation has revealed the drawbacks of the new binding protocol. Spatiotemporal control over protein inhibition was ineffective as a result of the promiscuity of the CST-K active site and the terminal and unshielded position of the warhead. It became clear that the warhead of the inhibitor must be sufficiently hindered when caged to produce a substantial dark/light IC50 ratio (DLIR). This work is expected to improve the conceptualization of future investigations

Composition of grape cultivars grown in East and Middle Tennessee for wine production

The production and consumption of wine in the United States has increased about 80% in the last 10 years (Havighorst, 1980). It was not until 1977, however, that the Tennessee State Legislature passed the Grape Wine Law which made it legal to produce wine commercially in the state (Cuskaden et al., 1980). Little information was available on the composition of grapes grown in Tennessee and less information was available on the wine produced from these grapes. This study, therefore, was undertaken to first compare the chemical composition of juices and resulting wines of various Vitis labrusca, Vitis vinifera and French hybrid cultivars grown in Tennessee, second to compare the chemical composition of these products with standards of other wine producing areas and third to compare growing regions of Tennessee for wine grape producing potential. The harvested grapes were transported to the Food Technology and Science\u27s pilot plant in Knoxville and prepared for fermentation. The grapes were destemmed and crushed and samples of juice removed for analysis. The white wine grapes were pressed and the juice placed into one gallon glass jugs fitted with air locks. The °Brix was adjusted to 22.0 with sugar, SO2 was added at 50 mg/l and a standard culture of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. Montrachet) was added to each of the cultivars of grapes. The red wine grapes were fermented on the skins for three days and then pressed. Sugar was added to raise the initial °Brix to 22.0, SO2 and yeast were added as above. The juice was allowed to ferment to dryness, racked and samples of wine obtained. The samples of juice were analyzed for °Brix by table refracto-meter, and glucose and fructose content by a high performance liquid chromatographic procedure. A Waters Carbohydrate Analysis column was used with an acetonitrile:water solvent (80:20 v/v) and a Differential Refractometer detector. The samples of juice and wine were analyzed for pH; total titratable acidity as tartaric acid by titration to pH 8.2 with 0.1N NaOH; tartaric acid content with an HPLC procedure utilizing a u-Bondapak phenyl column, a 0.5% acetic acid solvent containing Waters PIC A reagent, and a Variable Wavelength Absorbance Detector set at 250 nm; tannin, by the non-tannin phenols and total phenol content were determined by the method described by Peri and Pompei (1971) and color using a Hunterlab Color Difference Meter. The wines were also analyzed for alcohol and acetaldehyde using gas chromatography procedure with a flame ionization detector and a carbowax column; and for volitile acidity by distillation and titration as acetic acid. The °Brix of the juice samples ranged from 10.5 to 18.0 with the east Tennessee grapes being significantly higher (p\u3c0.05) than the grapes from middle Tennessee. The fructose/glucose ratio for the different cultivars varied from 1.22 to 0.92 with all but two of the cultivars having a ratio higher than 1.0. The pH of the juice samples ranged from 2.70 to 4.00 and the total titratable acidity from 0.43 to 1.22g tartaric acid/100 ml. The east Tennessee grapes were found to be more acidic. The pH and titratable acidity of the wine samples followed the same pattern as the juice samples. The tartaric acid content for both the juice and wine samples were determined to be approximately 60% of the total acid content of the juice and wine samples. The tannin and total phenol contents in the juice were from 14.80 to 60.76 mg/l and from 89.18 to 184.50 mg/l, respectively. The tannin and total phenol contents in the wine were from 16.51 to 120.23 and from 77.27 to 414.51 mg/1, respectively. The east Tennessee grapes were slightly higher in tannin and total phenol content. The alcohol content of the wines from the University Experiment Stations averaged 9.35%, indicating that fermentation of sugar to alcohol occurred in the juice. The volatile acidity and acetaldehyde contents were low for all the wines tested which also indicates a desirable fermentation occurred in the juice. The composition of the grapes indicated several cultivars grown in Tennessee could be used to produce wine. The majority of the cultivars, however, would be more suitable blended together to yield desirable chemical and physical properties. The location that the grapes are grown in Tennessee significantly affects the composition of the juice and wine and therefore must be considered when determining how various cultivars should be blended to produce the more desirable wine

Mutual Attraction Guided Search: a novel solution method to the Traveling Salesman Problem with vehicle dynamics

Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) solution techniques are often used for route planning for automated vehicles. Most TSP solution methods focus on path length as the fitness reference, however in many cases, traversal time is of more practical importance. Mutual Attraction Guided Search (MAGS) is a novel solution method that uses an iterative process to simultaneously optimize both angle of travel through each target as well as the ordering of the targets in order to optimize path traversal time. MAGS deterministically locates a locally optimum solution quickly and can optimize for the acceleration limits of a specific vehicle rather than requiring a constant vehicle speed. Since the basic form of MAGS finds a solution deterministically, it has no mechanism for escaping local minima, therefore an evolutionary form is also developed that alternates between local search with MAGS and global search using evolutionary operators to combine and mutate solutions. This hybridization provides the necessary balance between local and global search that is required to locate a globally optimal solution. A fitness based on approximate travel time based on the maximum velocity achievable at each point on the path is calculated using the curvature of the path and the dynamic constraints of the vehicle. The performance of both the basic and evolutionary forms of MAGS are compared against path length based Euclidean and curvature constrained TSP methods --Abstract, page iii

The anti-creativity letters: Advice from a senior tempter to a junior tempter

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/91931/1/anticreativity.pd

Teaching and learning analogue electronics in undergraduate courses : preliminary findings from the ETL project

This paper describes ongoing research into the teaching and learning of analogue electronics in three course units at two research-intensive universities. It draws on students' experiences of teaching and learning in analogue course units to explore the nature of the learning they were undertaking and examines the teaching-learning activities they found most supportive of their studying