Spatial Price Linkages and Imperfect Competition in Regional Cattle Markets

This paper analyzes non-competitive market conduct in the U.S. cattle procurement markets. Rather than relying on estimation of conduct parameters or measures of market concentration the analysis is based on the dynamics of price adjustment across regional markets. A VAR model is estimated using a multiple co-integration technique as a test for spatial market integration. The results are then related with hypotheses about pricing conduct in spatial markets.

High value products or staple crops? A discussion on development strategies for Southern Africa

Unexploited agricultural potential and regional trade opportunities together with the presence of South Africa and other middle-income countries, offer Southern Africa the unique opportunity to foster agricultural growth through regional linkages. In this study a global general equilibrium model that focuses on Southern Africa is used to analyze the implications that these specific characteristics of the regional economy have on growth choices of low-income countries. Three groups of growth scenarios are define to analyze the role of South Africa as a possible engine of growth, the role of own growth engines in low-income countries, and growth linkages between middle- and low-income countries. Results of the simulation scenarios show that larger benefits to low-income countries can be expected from grain and livestock productivity growth as a result of high multiplier effects and the large share of these activities in GDP. Productivity growth in grain and livestock results in higher GDP growth, higher agricultural output and food consumption, and lower agricultural imports than with productivity growth in non-traditional export crops. Unlike other regions where growth in grain production is likely constrained by domestic demand, growing middle-income economies in Southern Africa can provide additional demand to grains and livestock, slowing down the decline in grain prices in the region.Community/Rural/Urban Development,

An updated look at the recovery of agricultural productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa:

"We analyze the evolution of Sub-Saharan Africa's agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) over the past 40 years, looking for evidence of recent changes in growth patterns using a nonparametric Malmquist index. Our TFP estimates show a remarkable recovery in the performance of Sub-Saharan Africa's agriculture during the 1984–2003 period after a long period of poor performance and decline. That recovery is the consequence of improved efficiency in production resulting from changes in the output structure and an adjustment in the use of inputs, including an overall net reduction in fertilizer use but increased fertilizer use in most of the best-performing countries. Policy changes African countries conducted between the mid-1980s and the second half of the 1990s together with technological innovations available at that time appear to have played an important role in improving agriculture's performance. As TFP growth in Sub-Saharan Africa is mainly a result of catching up to the frontier, we expect growth to slow in the coming years unless African countries accelerate the incorporation of innovations into the production process and increase the speed of technical change." from authors' abstractAgriculture, Efficiency, Malmquist index, Total factor productivity, Technical change, Development strategies,

How important is a regional free trade area for Southern Africa?: Potential impacts and structural constraints

"We develop a detailed trade analysis to assess the potential welfare impacts of a free trade agreement (FTA) on the agricultural sector of southern African countries and to determine opportunities and challenges faced by the region as a consequence of the agreement. Our approach combines an in-depth look at the current trading patterns of southern African countries with the application of a partial equilibrium analysis that uses bilateral trade data at the four-digit standard international trade classification (SITC) level for 193 agricultural industries in 14 southern African countries. Low diversification of agricultural exports in most southern African countries seems to be a major constraint for promoting regional trade. In most countries, overall welfare effects of an FTA would be positive but small. Inefficient agricultural producers with a regional comparative advantage for agriculture would benefit from trade creation with the rest of the world. Welfare results for regional importers would be negative because of increased imports from inefficient regional producers. These results suggest that the region should be looking at regional policies and interventions beyond trade arrangements, such as those targeting investment, agricultural productivity, and diversification, to enhance benefits of regional trade liberalization." from authors' abstractRegional trade agreement, Agricultural trade, Development strategies,