9 research outputs found
Distribuição espacial, sazonal e estrutura populacional do caranguejo Aratus pisonii (H. Milne Edwards) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Sesarmidae) do manguezal de Itacuruçá, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Spatial and seasonal distribution and population structure of the crab Aratus pisonii (H. Milne Edwards) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Sesarmidae) in Itacuruçá mangrove, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a distribuição espacial e sazonal e a estrutura populacional do caranguejo arborícula Aratuspisonii (H. Milne Edwards, 1837). O trabalho foi realizado através de coletas mensais de junho de 2000 a maio de 2001, para estudo da estrutura populacional e coletas sazonais de janeiro a outubro de 2002 para o estudo da distribuição espacial e sazonal, dividiu-se o manguezal em três áreas. Para a distribuição espacial e sazonal foram capturados 694 indivíduos sendo 45% na área 1, 36% na área 2 e 19% na área 3. O número de indivíduos apresentou diferença significativa na distribuição espacial entre as áreas 2 e 3. Para o estudo da estrutura populacional foi capturado um total de 742 caranguejos, sendo 59% machos, 32,7% fêmeas e 8,3% fêmeas ovígeras. A razãosexual obtida foi de 1: 0,69 (macho:fêmea) e a largura da carapaça variou de 9,6 a 25,0 mm em machos e de 5,5 a 24,9 mm em fêmeas. A distribuição da freqüência em classes de tamanho foi unimodal e os machos foram mais freqüentes entre as classes de 19,1 a 21,0 mm LC, enquanto as fêmeas entre 17,1 a 19,0 mm LC. A razão sexual ao longo de cada classe de tamanho demonstrou predominância de machos em quase todas as classes, exceto entre as classes de 5,1 a 7,0 e 7,1 a 9,0 mm de LC.<br>This work was performed by monthly sampling from June 2000 to May 2001 for population structure studies and by seasonal sampling from January to October 2002 for space and seasonal distribution studies, dividing the mangrove in three different areas. On the space-seasonal distribution study, 694 crabs were caught, where 45% was captured in area 1,36% in area 2 and 19% in area 3. There were significant differences between the number of individuals between area 2 and 3. For the population structure study a total of 742 crabs were captured, being 59% male, 32.7% female and 8.3% ovigerous females. The sex ratio was 1:0.69 (male:female), and the carapace width ranged from 9.6 to 25.0 mm CW in males and from 5.5 to 24.9 mm CW in females. The size class distribution was unimodal and the males were more frequent between 19.1 to 21.0 mm CW, while females between 17.1 to 19 mm CW. The sex ratio along each size class showed the male predominance in almost all classes except between the classes of 5.1 to 7.0 and 7.1 to 9.0 mm CW
Guidelines and Good Clinical Practice Recommendations for Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) in the Liver\u2013Update 2020 WFUMB in Cooperation with EFSUMB, AFSUMB, AIUM, and FLAUS: WFUMB in Cooperation with EFSUMB, AFSUMB, AIUM and FLAUS
The present, updated document describes the fourth iteration of recommendations for the hepatic use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound, first initiated in 2004 by the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology. The previous updated editions of the guidelines reflected changes in the available contrast agents and updated the guidelines not only for hepatic but also for non-hepatic applications. The 2012 guideline requires updating as, previously, the differences in the contrast agents were not precisely described and the differences in contrast phases as well as handling were not clearly indicated. In addition, more evidence has been published for all contrast agents. The update also reflects the most recent developments in contrast agents, including U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval and the extensive Asian experience, to produce a truly international perspective. These guidelines and recommendations provide general advice on the use of ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) and are intended to create standard protocols for the use and administration of UCAs in liver applications on an international basis to improve the management of patients
Maturidade sexual do caranguejo Armases rubripes (Rathbun) (Crustacea, Brachyura, Sesarmidae) na Baía de Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Sexual maturity of the crab Armases rubripes (Rathbun) (Crustacea, Brachyura, Sesarmidae) in Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Objetivou-se analisar a maturidade sexual de Armases rubripes (Rathbun, 1897) em três diferentes ambientes (rio, praia arenosa e manguezal) no sudeste do Brasil. Os caranguejos foram coletados mensalmente de julho/2002 a fevereiro/2004, utilizando-se peneiras no Rio Sahy durante as marés altas e, manualmente, na praia e no manguezal, durante as marés baixas. Os animais foram capturados por dois coletores num esforço de 15 minutos por estação de coleta. No laboratório, os exemplares foram separados por sexo e mensurados em relação a largura da carapaça, do abdome e comprimento do gonopódio. As gônadas, gonopódios e o abdome foram analisados segundo sua forma e seu aspecto. Um total de 4.051 indivíduos foram amostrados (1.067 machos, 1.563 fêmeas e 1.421 juvenis). Foram determinados cinco morfotipos: juvenis, machos imaturos, fêmeas imaturas, machos maduros e fêmeas maduras. O início da maturidade sexual fisiológica e morfológica ocorreu de forma assíncrona, com machos produzindo gametas mais cedo que as fêmeas. O tamanho da primeira maturidade sexual apresentou diferença significativa entre os ambientes analisados, exceção observada para o manguezal. Os indivíduos obtidos no manguezal apresentaram menores tamanhos para o início da maturidade sexual. Embora, estimados os tamanhos da maturidade sexual morfológica de machos e fêmeas, a análise do crescimento alométrico foi inadequado para a espécie.<br>The present study analyzed the sexual maturity of Armases rubripes (Rathbun, 1897) in three populations from different environmental conditions (river, beach and mangrove) in the southeastern Brazilian coast. Crabs were sampled monthly from July 2002 to February 2004; they were captured with sieves at Sahy River, during the high tides, and by hand at beach and mangrove areas, during low tides. Animals were captured by establishing a catch effort of two collectors during 15 minutes for each station. At laboratory, all individuals were sexed and the carapace width measured. The gonads, gonopods and abdomen morphology were observed according to shape and macroscopic aspects. A total of 4,051 specimens were sampled (1,067males, 1,563 females and 1,421 juveniles). There were recognized five morphotypes: juveniles, immature males, immature females, mature males and mature females. The onset of physiological and morphological sexual maturity was asynchronous within sexes, of which, males reaching the ability to produce gametes earlier than females. The size at the onset of sexual maturity was significantly different among populations different coming from areas, except for mangrove area. The individuals obtained from mangrove showed the shortest size at the onset of sexual maturity. Therefore, estimates of males and females sizes at morphological sexual maturity the allometric growth analyses are inadequate in this species
Vorapaxar in the secondary prevention of atherothrombotic events
Item does not contain fulltextBACKGROUND: Thrombin potently activates platelets through the protease-activated receptor PAR-1. Vorapaxar is a novel antiplatelet agent that selectively inhibits the cellular actions of thrombin through antagonism of PAR-1. METHODS: We randomly assigned 26,449 patients who had a history of myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, or peripheral arterial disease to receive vorapaxar (2.5 mg daily) or matching placebo and followed them for a median of 30 months. The primary efficacy end point was the composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or stroke. After 2 years, the data and safety monitoring board recommended discontinuation of the study treatment in patients with a history of stroke owing to the risk of intracranial hemorrhage. RESULTS: At 3 years, the primary end point had occurred in 1028 patients (9.3%) in the vorapaxar group and in 1176 patients (10.5%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio for the vorapaxar group, 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80 to 0.94; P<0.001). Cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or recurrent ischemia leading to revascularization occurred in 1259 patients (11.2%) in the vorapaxar group and 1417 patients (12.4%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.82 to 0.95; P=0.001). Moderate or severe bleeding occurred in 4.2% of patients who received vorapaxar and 2.5% of those who received placebo (hazard ratio, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.43 to 1.93; P<0.001). There was an increase in the rate of intracranial hemorrhage in the vorapaxar group (1.0%, vs. 0.5% in the placebo group; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Inhibition of PAR-1 with vorapaxar reduced the risk of cardiovascular death or ischemic events in patients with stable atherosclerosis who were receiving standard therapy. However, it increased the risk of moderate or severe bleeding, including intracranial hemorrhage. (Funded by Merck; TRA 2P-TIMI 50 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00526474.)
Mechanisms of Protective Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Cardiovascular Disease and Renal Dysfunction
Antiinflammatory therapy with canakinumab for atherosclerotic disease
BACKGROUND: Experimental and clinical data suggest that reducing inflammation without affecting lipid levels may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Yet, the inflammatory hypothesis of atherothrombosis has remained unproved. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind trial of canakinumab, a therapeutic monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-1β, involving 10,061 patients with previous myocardial infarction and a high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level of 2 mg or more per liter. The trial compared three doses of canakinumab (50 mg, 150 mg, and 300 mg, administered subcutaneously every 3 months) with placebo. The primary efficacy end point was nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or cardiovascular death. RESULTS: At 48 months, the median reduction from baseline in the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level was 26 percentage points greater in the group that received the 50-mg dose of canakinumab, 37 percentage points greater in the 150-mg group, and 41 percentage points greater in the 300-mg group than in the placebo group. Canakinumab did not reduce lipid levels from baseline. At a median follow-up of 3.7 years, the incidence rate for the primary end point was 4.50 events per 100 person-years in the placebo group, 4.11 events per 100 person-years in the 50-mg group, 3.86 events per 100 person-years in the 150-mg group, and 3.90 events per 100 person-years in the 300-mg group. The hazard ratios as compared with placebo were as follows: in the 50-mg group, 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80 to 1.07; P=0.30); in the 150-mg group, 0.85 (95% CI, 0.74 to 0.98; P=0.021); and in the 300-mg group, 0.86 (95% CI, 0.75 to 0.99; P=0.031). The 150-mg dose, but not the other doses, met the prespecified multiplicity-adjusted threshold for statistical significance for the primary end point and the secondary end point that additionally included hospitalization for unstable angina that led to urgent revascularization (hazard ratio vs. placebo, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.95; P=0.005). Canakinumab was associated with a higher incidence of fatal infection than was placebo. There was no significant difference in all-cause mortality (hazard ratio for all canakinumab doses vs. placebo, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.06; P=0.31). CONCLUSIONS: Antiinflammatory therapy targeting the interleukin-1β innate immunity pathway with canakinumab at a dose of 150 mg every 3 months led to a significantly lower rate of recurrent cardiovascular events than placebo, independent of lipid-level lowering. Copyright © 2017 Massachusetts Medical Society