The Effects of Videotape Testimony in Jury Trials: Studies on Juror Decision Making, Information Retention, and Emotional Arousal

Summary of Contents I. Introduction: The Nature of the Research II. Group I : The Nugent u. Clark Studies A. Background 1. Selecting the stimulus trial 2. Editing the transcript 3. Preparing the trial a. Casting b. Equipment B. Nugent u. Clark Study 1 : live v. videotape trials 1. Questions examined 2. Procedures a. The live presentation b. The videotape presentation c. The questionnaire 3. Results and discussion a. Negligence verdicts and mean awards b. Juror perception of attorney credibility c. Juror information retention d. Juror interest and motivation 4. Conclusions from Study 1 C. Nugent u. Clark Study 2: split-screen v. full-screen videotape presentations 1. Questions examined 2. Procedure

The Effects of Videotape Testimony in Jury Trials: Studies on Juror Decision Making, Information Retention, and Emotional Arousal

Summary of Contents I. Introduction: The Nature of the Research II. Group I : The Nugent u. Clark Studies A. Background 1. Selecting the stimulus trial 2. Editing the transcript 3. Preparing the trial a. Casting b. Equipment B. Nugent u. Clark Study 1 : live v. videotape trials 1. Questions examined 2. Procedures a. The live presentation b. The videotape presentation c. The questionnaire 3. Results and discussion a. Negligence verdicts and mean awards b. Juror perception of attorney credibility c. Juror information retention d. Juror interest and motivation 4. Conclusions from Study 1 C. Nugent u. Clark Study 2: split-screen v. full-screen videotape presentations 1. Questions examined 2. Procedure

The Efficacy of Topical Hydrolyzed Psoralea corylifolia Extract in Treating Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation

Background: Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is common following resolution of acne. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the treatment efficacy of Topical Hydrolyzed Psoralea Corylifolia extract (HPCE) on acne-induced PIH and TCA-induced PIH using a previously validated model.1Methods: A prospective, single-blinded, non-randomized study was conducted on 20 subjects with acne-induced PIH. Three acne-induced PIH areas on the face and three 35% TCA-induced PIH areas on the buttocks were analyzed. Subjects received topical HPCE [Unigen] and vehicle cream with instructions on twice daily application on two separate facial and gluteal lesions for 28 days; the third lesion served as a control. Clinical photography and Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) scores for hyperpigmentation were performed on days 0, 28, 35, 42, and 56 for all sites. Degree of improvement was defined as the change in the IGA score for hyperpigmentation between the first and last day of treatment. Results: For facial acne sites, one-way repeated measures ANOVA for degree of improvement as assessed by IGA analysis demonstrated a greater degree of improvement for product sites when compared to vehicle (1.9 times) and control (1.5 times); however, statistical significance was not reached. For TCA-induced PIH sites, there was a statistically significant degree of improvement for product treated sites compared to vehicle (9 times) and control (9 times). For both acne and TCA-induced PIH sites, Pearson correlation coefficient between time and IGA score for hyperpigmentation showed a strong and statistically significant (phttps://scholarlycommons.henryford.com/merf2019clinres/1010/thumbnail.jp

Construct-level predictive validity of educational attainment and intellectual aptitude tests in medical student selection: meta-regression of six UK longitudinal studies

Background: Measures used for medical student selection should predict future performance during training. A problem for any selection study is that predictor-outcome correlations are known only in those who have been selected, whereas selectors need to know how measures would predict in the entire pool of applicants. That problem of interpretation can be solved by calculating construct-level predictive validity, an estimate of true predictor-outcome correlation across the range of applicant abilities. Methods: Construct-level predictive validities were calculated in six cohort studies of medical student selection and training (student entry, 1972 to 2009) for a range of predictors, including A-levels, General Certificates of Secondary Education (GCSEs)/O-levels, and aptitude tests (AH5 and UK Clinical Aptitude Test (UKCAT)). Outcomes included undergraduate basic medical science and finals assessments, as well as postgraduate measures of Membership of the Royal Colleges of Physicians of the United Kingdom (MRCP(UK)) performance and entry in the Specialist Register. Construct-level predictive validity was calculated with the method of Hunter, Schmidt and Le (2006), adapted to correct for right-censorship of examination results due to grade inflation. Results: Meta-regression analyzed 57 separate predictor-outcome correlations (POCs) and construct-level predictive validities (CLPVs). Mean CLPVs are substantially higher (.450) than mean POCs (.171). Mean CLPVs for first-year examinations, were high for A-levels (.809; CI: .501 to .935), and lower for GCSEs/O-levels (.332; CI: .024 to .583) and UKCAT (mean = .245; CI: .207 to .276). A-levels had higher CLPVs for all undergraduate and postgraduate assessments than did GCSEs/O-levels and intellectual aptitude tests. CLPVs of educational attainment measures decline somewhat during training, but continue to predict postgraduate performance. Intellectual aptitude tests have lower CLPVs than A-levels or GCSEs/O-levels. Conclusions: Educational attainment has strong CLPVs for undergraduate and postgraduate performance, accounting for perhaps 65% of true variance in first year performance. Such CLPVs justify the use of educational attainment measure in selection, but also raise a key theoretical question concerning the remaining 35% of variance (and measurement error, range restriction and right-censorship have been taken into account). Just as in astrophysics, ‘dark matter’ and ‘dark energy’ are posited to balance various theoretical equations, so medical student selection must also have its ‘dark variance’, whose nature is not yet properly characterized, but explains a third of the variation in performance during training. Some variance probably relates to factors which are unpredictable at selection, such as illness or other life events, but some is probably also associated with factors such as personality, motivation or study skills

The archaeology of the military orders: the material culture of holy war

This paper reviews the current state of research into the archaeology of the military orders. It contrasts the advances made by historians and archaeologists, with the latter continuing to focus on the particularism of individual sites, with an emphasis on architectural analyses. Historians have contributed new insights by adopting a supranational approach. This paper argues that archaeologists can build on this by adopting a more problem-oriented, comparative approach. Drawing on examples from frontier and heartland territories, archaeological approaches are subdivided into material investment, material identity and cultural landscapes, to place sites of the military orders within a long-term, multi-scalar contexts. This contributes to a broader social and economic understanding of the orders, who contributed significantly to urbanisation, rural development and trade, and invested in material expressions of their authority and ideology. The paper concludes that more holistic, inter-regional approaches will move the archaeological study of the military orders forward

Human Rhinovirus Infections in Rural Thailand: Epidemiological Evidence for Rhinovirus as Both Pathogen and Bystander

BACKGROUND: We describe human rhinovirus (HRV) detections in SaKaeo province, Thailand. METHODS: From September 1, 2003-August 31, 2005, we tested hospitalized patients with acute lower respiratory illness and outpatient controls without fever or respiratory symptoms for HRVs with polymerase chain reaction and molecularly-typed select HRVs. We compared HRV detection among hospitalized patients and controls and estimated enrollment adjusted incidence. RESULTS: HRVs were detected in 315 (16%) of 1919 hospitalized patients and 27 (9.6%) of 280 controls. Children had the highest frequency of HRV detections (hospitalized: <1 year: 29%, 1-4 year: 29%, ≥ 65 years: 9%; controls: <1 year: 24%, 1-4 year: 14%, ≥ 65 years: 2.8%). Enrollment adjusted hospitalized HRV detection rates were highest among persons aged <1 year (1038/100,000 persons/year), 1-4 years (457), and ≥ 65 years (71). All three HRV species were identified, HRV-A was the most common species in most age groups including children aged <1 year (61%) and all adult age groups. HRV-C was the most common species in the 1-4 year (51%) and 5-19 year age groups (54%). Compared to controls, hospitalized adults (≥ 19 years) and children were more likely to have HRV detections (odds ratio [OR]: 4.8, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5, 15.8; OR: 2.0, CI: 1.2, 3.3, respectively) and hospitalized children were more likely to have HRV-A (OR 1.7, CI: 0.8, 3.5) or HVR-C (OR 2.7, CI: 1.2, 5.9) detection. CONCLUSIONS: HRV rates were high among hospitalized children and the elderly but asymptomatic children also had substantial HRV detection. HRV (all species), and HRV-A and HRV-C detections were epidemiologically-associated with hospitalized illness. Treatment or prevention modalities effective against HRV could reduce hospitalizations due to HRV in Thailand