Highly collimated broadside emission from room-temperature GaAs distributed Bragg reflector lasers

Highly collimated laser beams have been observed to be coupled out by second-order Bragg scattering from GaAs distributed Bragg reflector lasers. The beams are perpendicular to the waveguide plane and have an angular width of less than 1°. The diodes have a separate confinement structure and operate at room temperature with thresholds as low as 1.4 kA/cm^2

Symbolic integration of a class of algebraic functions

An algorithm is presented for the symbolic integration of a class of algebraic functions. This class consists of functions made up of rational expressions of an integration variable x and square roots of polynomials, trigonometric and hyperbolic functions of x. The algorithm is shown to consist of the following components:(1) the reduction of input integrands to conical form; (2) intermediate internal representations of integrals; (3) classification of outputs; and (4) reduction and simplification of outputs to well-known functions

A comparison of computational methods and algorithms for the complex gamma function

A survey and comparison of some computational methods and algorithms for gamma and log-gamma functions of complex arguments are presented. Methods and algorithms reported include Chebyshev approximations, Pade expansion and Stirling's asymptotic series. The comparison leads to the conclusion that Algorithm 421 published in the Communications of ACM by H. Kuki is the best program either for individual application or for the inclusion in subroutine libraries

A SOCIO-COGNITIVE BASIS FOR STRATEGIC GROUPS: COGNITIVE DISSONANCE IN SWINE GENETICS

Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Livestock Production/Industries,

A general algorithm for the solution of Keplers equation for elliptic orbits

Algorithm and subroutine for solving Kepler equation for elliptical orbit

Symbolic-numeric interface: A review

A survey of the use of a combination of symbolic and numerical calculations is presented. Symbolic calculations primarily refer to the computer processing of procedures from classical algebra, analysis, and calculus. Numerical calculations refer to both numerical mathematics research and scientific computation. This survey is intended to point out a large number of problem areas where a cooperation of symbolic and numerical methods is likely to bear many fruits. These areas include such classical operations as differentiation and integration, such diverse activities as function approximations and qualitative analysis, and such contemporary topics as finite element calculations and computation complexity. It is contended that other less obvious topics such as the fast Fourier transform, linear algebra, nonlinear analysis and error analysis would also benefit from a synergistic approach

Toward Better Defining the Field of Agribusiness Management

Agribusiness management, authority, bounded rationality, diversified growth, resources., Agribusiness, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Q1,