On a study and applications of the Concentration-compactness type principle for Systems with critical terms in RN\mathbb{R}^{N}

In this paper, we obtain some important variants of the Lions and Chabrowski Concentration-compactness principle, in the context of fractional Sobolev spaces with variable exponents, especially for nonlinear systems. As an application of the results, we show the existence and assymptotic behaviour of nontrivial solutions for elliptic systems involving a new class of general nonlocal integrodifferential operators with exponent variables and critical growth conditions in $\mathbb{R}^{N}$

Interference and complementarity for two-photon hybrid entangled states

In this work we generate two-photon hybrid entangled states (HES), where the polarization of one photon is entangled with the transverse spatial degree of freedom of the second photon. The photon pair is created by parametric down-conversion in a polarization-entangled state. A birefringent double-slit couples the polarization and spatial degrees of freedom of these photons and finally, suitable spatial and polarization projections generate the HES. We investigate some interesting aspects of the two-photon hybrid interference, and present this study in the context of the complementarity relation that exists between the visibilities of the one- and two-photon interference patterns.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures. Accepted in Physical Review

Ribosomal DNA heterochromatin in plants

The aim of this review is to integrate earlier results and recent findings to present the current state-of-the art vision concerning the dynamic behavior of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) fraction in plants. The global organization and behavioral features of rDNA make it a most useful system to analyse the relationship between chromatin topology and gene expression patterns. Correlations between several heterochromatin fractions and rDNA arrays demonstrate the heterochromatic nature of the rDNA and reveal the importance of the genomic environment and of developmental controls in modulating its dynamicsFCT - Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologi

A higher quantum bound for the V\'ertesi-Bene-Bell-inequality and the role of POVMs regarding its threshold detection efficiency

Recently, V\'{e}rtesi and Bene [Phys. Rev. A. {\bf 82}, 062115 (2010)] derived a two-qubit Bell inequality, $I_{CH3}$, which they show to be maximally violated only when more general positive operator valued measures (POVMs) are used instead of the usual von Neumann measurements. Here we consider a general parametrization for the three-element-POVM involved in the Bell test and obtain a higher quantum bound for the $I_{CH3}$-inequality. With a higher quantum bound for $I_{CH3}$, we investigate if there is an experimental setup that can be used for observing that POVMs give higher violations in Bell tests based on this inequality. We analyze the maximum errors supported by the inequality to identify a source of entangled photons that can be used for the test. Then, we study if POVMs are also relevant in the more realistic case that partially entangled states are used in the experiment. Finally, we investigate which are the required efficiencies of the $I_{CH3}$-inequality, and the type of measurements involved, for closing the detection loophole. We obtain that POVMs allow for the lowest threshold detection efficiency, and that it is comparable to the minimal (in the case of two-qubits) required detection efficiency of the Clauser-Horne-Bell-inequality.Comment: 11 Pages, 16 Figure

Noncommutative Metafluid Dynamics

In this paper we define a noncommutative (NC) Metafluid Dynamics \cite{Marmanis}. We applied the Dirac's quantization to the Metafluid Dynamics on NC spaces. First class constraints were found which are the same obtained in \cite{BJP}. The gauge covariant quantization of the non-linear equations of fields on noncommutative spaces were studied. We have found the extended Hamiltonian which leads to equations of motion in the gauge covariant form. In addition, we show that a particular transformation \cite{Djemai} on the usual classical phase space (CPS) leads to the same results as of the $\star$-deformation with $\nu=0$. Besides, we will shown that an additional term is introduced into the dissipative force due the NC geometry. This is an interesting feature due to the NC nature induced into model.Comment: 11 page

Maximum-confidence discrimination among symmetric qudit states

We study the maximum-confidence (MC) measurement strategy for discriminating among nonorthogonal symmetric qudit states. Restricting to linearly dependent and equally likely pure states, we find the optimal positive operator valued measure (POVM) that maximizes our confidence in identifying each state in the set and minimizes the probability of obtaining inconclusive results. The physical realization of this POVM is completely determined and it is shown that after an inconclusive outcome, the input states may be mapped into a new set of equiprobable symmetric states, restricted, however, to a subspace of the original qudit Hilbert space. By applying the MC measurement again onto this new set, we can still gain some information about the input states, although with less confidence than before. This leads us to introduce the concept of "sequential maximum-confidence" (SMC) measurements, where the optimized MC strategy is iterated in as many stages as allowed by the input set, until no further information can be extracted from an inconclusive result. Within each stage of this measurement our confidence in identifying the input states is the highest possible, although it decreases from one stage to the next. In addition, the more stages we accomplish within the maximum allowed, the higher will be the probability of correct identification. We will discuss an explicit example of the optimal SMC measurement applied in the discrimination among four symmetric qutrit states and propose an optical network to implement it.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures. Published versio

Avaliação econômica da implantação e manutenção de um sistema agroflorestal com cultivo diversificado.

Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta a análise dos custos de implantação e manutenção de um sistema agroflorestal com cultivos diversificados. Esta avaliação é uma etapa preliminar de uma análise integrada que considerará, além dos fatores socioeconômicos, a recuperação ambiental da área. São apresentados o modelo empregado no sistema, alguns resultados iniciais e os custos de implantação e manutenção. A análise dos dados mostra que houve uma concentração dos gastos na implantação e no primeiro ano deste sistema. Na implantação, o custo principal foi com a aquisição de mudas, enquanto na manutenção os custos se concentraram na mão de obra. Abstract: This paper presents an analysis of the costs of implementation and maintenance of a agroforestry system with diversified crops. This evaluation is a preliminary step in an integrated analysis that will consider also the environmental restoration of the area. The model used in the system, some initial results and the costs of implementation and maintenance are presented. The data analysis indicated that there was a concentration of spending in the implementation and first year of this system. The seedlings was the main cost in the deployment of the system, differently the costs are concentrated in manpower in themaintenance stage