1,620 research outputs found
Dimensional Accuracy in X-Ray Computed Tomography Imaging
X-ray computed tomography (CT) has become an important non-destructive evaluation technique. CT contributes to a wide range of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) applications [1]. These include typical NDE applications (e.g., defect detection and quality control), more advanced NDE applications (e.g., process development and model verification), and the more recent application of CT-based metrology (e.g., geometric inspection and reverse engineering). In the traditional applications of CT, the user is concerned with defect sensitivity, which is a combination of spatial resolution, contrast sensitivity and slice thickness [2]. For CT-based metrology, the term “defect sensitivity” has little meaning; dimensional accuracy of the system becomes paramount
Reversed halo sign on CT as a presentation of lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia.
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This article is open access.A 52 year-old African American female with a past medical history of symptomatic uterine fibroids and increasing abdominal circumference underwent abdominal computed tomography (CT) as part of her workup. Because of an abnormality in the left lower lobe, CT of the chest was subsequently performed and showed a focal region of discontinuous crescentic consolidation with central ground glass opacification in the right lower lobe, suggestive of the reversed halo sign. The patient underwent percutaneous CT-guided core biopsy of the lesion, which demonstrated lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia, a benign lymphoproliferative disease characterized histologically by small lymphocytes and plasma cells. This case report describes the first histologically confirmed presentation of lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia with the reversed halo sign on CT
Exploring 'unstructured proteins'
In the post genomic era, as more and more genome sequences are becoming known and hectic efforts are underway to decode the information content in them, it is becoming increasingly evident that flexibility in proteins plays a crucial role in many of the biological functions. Many proteins have intrinsic disorder, either wholly or in specific regions. It appears that this disorder may be important for regulatory functions of the proteins, on the one hand, or, may help in directing the folding process to reach the compact native state, on the other. Nuclear Magnetic Resonane (NMR) has over the last two decades emerged as the sole, most powerful technique to help characterize these disordered protein systems. In this review, we first discuss the significance of disorder in proteins and then survey the NMR methods available for their characterization. A brief description of the results obtained on several disordered proteins is presented at the end
Observation of magnetization reversal and negative magnetization in a double perovskite compound Sr2YbRuO6
Detailed magnetic properties of the compound Sr2YbRuO6 are presented here.
The compound belongs to the family of double perovskites forming a monoclinic
structure. Magnetization meas-urements reveal clear evidence for two components
of magnetic ordering aligned opposite to each other, leading to a magnetization
reversal, compensation temperature (T* = 34 K) and neg-ative magnetization at
low temperatures and low magnetic fields. Heat capacity measurements
corroborate the presence of two components in the magnetic ordering and a
noticeable third anomaly at low temperatures (~15 K) which cannot be attributed
the Schottky effect. The calcu-lated magnetic entropy is substantially lower
than that expected for the ground states of the or-dered moments of Ru5+ and
Yb3+, indicating the presence of large crystal field effects and/ or
in-complete magnetic ordering and/or magnetic frustrations well above the
magnetic ordering. An attempt is made to explain the magnetization reversal
within the frameworks of available models.Comment: 15 pages text, 6 figures Journal-ref: J.Phys.:Condens.Matter
20(2008)23520
Cancer incidence in children and young adults did not increase relative to parental exposure to atomic bombs
Finite size effects with variable range exchange coupling in thin-film Pd/Fe/Pd trilayers
The magnetic properties of thin-film Pd/Fe/Pd trilayers in which an embedded
~1.5 A-thick ultrathin layer of Fe induces ferromagnetism in the surrounding Pd
have been investigated. The thickness of the ferromagnetic trilayer is
controlled by varying the thickness of the top Pd layer over a range from 8 A
to 56 A. As the thickness of the top Pd layer decreases, or equivalently as the
embedded Fe layer moves closer to the top surface, the saturated magnetization
normalized to area and the Curie temperature decrease whereas the coercivity
increases. These thickness-dependent observations for proximity-polarized
thin-film Pd are qualitatively consistent with finite size effects that are
well known for regular thin-film ferromagnets. The critical exponent of
the order parameter (magnetization) is found to approach the mean field value
of 0.5 as the thickness of the top Pd layer increases. The functional forms for
the thickness dependences, which are strongly modified by the nonuniform
exchange interaction in the polarized Pd, provide important new insights to
understanding nanomagnetism in two-dimensions.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, submitted to JMM
Z topology and superconductivity from symmetry lowering of a 3D Dirac Metal AuPb
3D Dirac semi-metals (DSMs) are materials that have massless Dirac electrons
and exhibit exotic physical properties It has been suggested that structurally
distorting a DSM can create a Topological Insulator (TI), but this has not yet
been experimentally verified. Furthermore, quasiparticle excitations known as
Majorana Fermions have been theoretically proposed to exist in materials that
exhibit superconductivity and topological surface states. Here we show that the
cubic Laves phase AuPb has a bulk Dirac cone above 100 K that gaps out upon
cooling at a structural phase transition to create a topologically non trivial
phase that superconducts below 1.2 K. The nontrivial Z = -1 invariant in
the low temperature phase indicates that AuPb in its superconducting state
must have topological surface states. These characteristics make AuPb a
unique platform for studying the transition between bulk Dirac electrons and
topological surface states as well as studying the interaction of
superconductivity with topological surface states
Towards the theory of ferrimagnetism
Two-sublattice ferrimagnet, with spin- operators at the
sublattice site and spin- operators at the sublattice
site, is considered. The magnon of the system, the transversal fluctuation
of the total magnetization, is a complicate mixture of the transversal
fluctuations of the sublattice and spins. As a result, the magnons'
fluctuations suppress in a different way the magnetic orders of the and
sublattices and one obtains two phases. At low temperature the
magnetic orders of the and spins contribute to the magnetization of the
system, while at the high temperature , the magnetic order of the
spins with a weaker intra-sublattice exchange is suppressed by magnon
fluctuations, and only the spins with stronger intra-sublattice exchange has
non-zero spontaneous magnetization. The transition is a transition
between two spin-ordered phases in contrast to the transition from spin-ordered
state to disordered state (-transition). There is no additional symmetry
breaking, and the Goldstone boson has a ferromagnetic dispersion in both
phases. A modified spin-wave theory is developed to describe the two phases.
All known Neel's anomalous curves are reproduced, in particular that
with "compensation point". The theoretical curves are compared with
experimental ones for sulpho-spinel and rare earth iron
garnets.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure
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