On the determination of constitutive parametersin a hyperelastic model for a soft tissue

The aim of this paper is to study a model of hyperelastic materials and itsapplications into soft tissue mechanics. In particular, we first determine an unbounded domain of the constitutive parameters of the model making our smoothstrain energy function to be polyconvex and hence satisfying the Legendre–Hadamard condition. Thus, physically reasonable material behaviour are described by our model with these parameters and a plently of tissues can betreated. Furthermore, we localize bounded subsets of constitutive parameters in fixed physical and very general bounds and then introduce a family of descrete stress–strain curves. Whence, various classes of tissues are characterized. Ourgeneral approach is based on a detailed analytical study of the first Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensor through its dependence on the invariants and on the constitutive parameters. The uniqueness of parameters for one tissue is discussed by introducing the notion of manifold of constitutive parameters, whichis locally represented by possibly different physical quantities. The advantage of our study is that we show a possible way to improve of the usual approachesshown in the literature which are mainly based on the minimization of a costfunction as the difference between experimental and model results

marker tracking for local strain measurement in mechanical testing of biomedical materials

Local strain measurement is one of the key aspects in tensile tests of biomedical materials and biological tissues, especially if aimed at developing appropriate constitutive formulations to describe mechanical behavior. The measurement of strain as the ratio between the current and the initial length of the sample can be coupled with markers recognition via non-contact video extensometer for characterizing the local mechanical behavior. A crucial point in video extensometer measurement is the selection of the most appropriate markers and technique of their application on the sample surface. This work promotes understanding the effect of markers on material mechanical response. Different solutions were taken into account, as paint markers, namely a commercial lacquer and an acrylic paint, or physical markers attached with the use of adhesives, i.e. cyanoacrylate or medical spray band. Tensile tests revealed that markers can modify the mechanical response of the tested materials, inducing a local stiffening of the samples. The use of cyanoacrylate, as marker adhesive, affects not only the local but also the overall mechanical response, at least for the sample size considered in this work. These effects are more pronounced with higher material compliance. Based on these results, caution is recommended with the use of cyanoacrylate for attaching markers on biomedical polymers

Fortalecimiento del programa de bienestar empresarial a partir de las voces de los empleados de la EAAV ESP

Crear programas de bienestar empresarial se ha venido convirtiendo en un uno de los principales objetivos para las organizaciones, debido a los impactos positivos que generan en el desarrollo y la efectividad de las empresas, así como a su correspondencia con lo establecido por leyes y decretos que reglamentan su implementación. Sin embargo, al no contar con parámetros y lineamientos claros de cómo se deben formular, resulta común encontrar programas de bienestar empresarial poco eficaces frente a los intereses y necesidades reales del personal; tal es el caso de la Empresa de Acueducto y Alcantarillado de Villavicencio (EAAV ESP), la cual, con más de 300 empleados, cuenta con un programa de bienestar empresarial centrado en los beneficios económicos, dejando de lado aspectos como el crecimiento personal, laboral y académico, perdiendo así toda noción sobre las necesidades individuales de los funcionarios y funcionarias, que se desconocen por completo

Main medical causes of occupational absence in the health sector : systematic review

Introducción: El ausentismo laboral es una falla que genera resultados negativos a las empresas, en el sector salud, es un fenómeno que ocurre a diario y afecta tanto al personal prestador de servicio de salud como a la persona que necesita el servicio. Objetivo: recopilar investigaciones científicas que abordan los factores predisponentes para que el personal de salud se ausente. Metodología: se realizaron búsquedas en bases de datos MEDLINE, PubMed, y web científicas (Google Scholar, ResearchGate) del periodo 2009 a 2019, en idiomas inglés y español. Se corrieron términos de texto libre y MeSH para lengua inglesa “SICK LEAVE” “ABSENTEEISM” y “HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL” y en bases de lengua española “ABSENTISMO” “AUSENTISMO LABORAL” y “MÉDICOS”. Se realizaron filtros y se obtuvieron 28 estudios significativos. Resultados: dentro de los factores con predisposición se encontró que el género femenino se ausenta con mayor frecuencia (72%) comparado con el género masculino (27%), la principal patología de ausencia es por desórdenes musculo esqueléticas (20.2 % al 39.1%) seguido de afectación mental (7,9% al 27,3). También se encontraron factores como ocupación, antigüedad en el cargo, edad y tipo de dolor, sin encontrarse resultados significativos. Conclusión: se requiere cuidar al personal de salud, ya que se ven expuestos a múltiples factores desencadenantes de ausentismo laboral por causa medica, secundario a múltiples patologías médicas, sin embargo, no se logró identificar una patología única como principal.Absenteeism is a fault of the companies that generates negative results for them, in the health sector, it is aproblem that occurs daily, and affects the health service provider and the person who needs the service. Objective: make a compilation of scientific research about the predisposing factors for absent in the health personnel. Methodology: terms of absenteeism, absenteeism due to medical reasons, and related, were searched in databases, whith the aply of filters 30 significant studies were obtained. Results: within the predisposing factors it was found that the women absent more times (exceeds 72% of cases in all studies) compared to the male (maximum 27%), the main pathology of absence is musculoskeletal (20.2% to 39.1% in all studies) followed by mental involvement (7.9% to 27.3), factors such as seniority in the employment, age and type of pain were also found, but it was not a representative rank between them. Conclusion: was found that the women represent a very high rate respect to men, the main reason for absence is skeletal muscle followed by mental health, significant results were also related with age, occupation, antique, days of absence and type of muscle pain. The importance of be carefull with healthcare service and the function they are exposed is concluded

An anatomo-radiological study of the infrapatellar fat pad

The infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) is an intracapsular, but extrasynovial structure, located between the patellar tendon, femoral condyles and tibial plateau. We have recently described the microscopic orgnisation of the IFP, which consists of white adipose tissue (fibroadipose, lobular type), organised in lobuli delimited by thin connective septa. The aim of the study is to describe the sonoanatomical features of IFP in subjects without knee pathology during flexo-extension movements. Twentyfour volunteers subjects with no history of knee diseases (5M, 19F, mean age: 45yo)were analysed. Examinations was performed using high-resolution grey-scale ultrasound. The mean area of the deepest recognisable adipose chamber in extension were 0,12 and in flexion 0,19 mm2, and the circumference were in extension 1,36 and in flexion 1,19 mm. The area of the closest adipose chamber to the patellar tendon were in extension 0,29 and flexion 0,12 mm2(

Patrimonio alimentario ecuatoriano, su visión desde el enfoque normativo y cultural

Ecuador, in order to regulate the management of food heritage, has implemented in recent years, public policies (PP) that protect the regularization of production processes in all its phases from the economic, environmental, social and cultural levels. The objective of this analysis is to describe the scope generated by these state regulations, in the areas of food sovereignty, food handling and tourism promotion, for this, a documentary review was carried out in government, provincial and municipal repositories, as well as institutional regulations and in 47 scientific articles in languages, Spanish, English and Portuguese, selected under the documentary classification technique by the ABC Pareto method, prioritized based on the topics of interest and dimensions of the object of study. As a consequence, the legal scope is determined, which has favored the enhancement of food heritage, which could generate gastronomic criticism in the aforementioned approaches and the proposal of strategies based on public policies that promote the strengthening of it, as well as a brief description of 24 emblematic dishes of the country, framed in the gastronomic map of Ecuador.Ecuador, con la finalidad de reglamentar la gestión del patrimonio alimentario, ha implementado en estos últimos años, políticas públicas (PP) que, precautelan la regularización de los procesos productivos en todas sus fases desde los planos económico, ambiental, social y cultural. El objetivo de este análisis es describir el alcance generado por estas normativas estatales, en los ámbitos de soberanía alimentaria, manipulación de alimentos y promoción turística, para ello, se realizó una revisión documental en repositorios gubernamentales, provinciales y municipales, así como normativas institucionales y en 47 artículos científicos en idiomas, español, inglés y portugués, seleccionados bajo la técnica de clasificación documental por el método ABC de Pareto, priorizados con base en los temas de interés y dimensiones del objeto de estudio. Como consecuencia de ello, se determinan los alcances legales, que han favorecido a la puesta en valor del patrimonio alimentario, lo cual, pudo generar la crítica gastronómica en los enfoques citados y la propuesta de estrategias con base en las políticas públicas que promueven el fortalecimiento del mismo, así como también, se ofrece una breve descripción de 24 platillos emblemáticos del país, enmarcados en el mapa gastronómico del Ecuador

Quality of life in the older adults: The protective role of self-efficacy in adequate coping in patients with chronic diseases

The purpose of the present study was to establish the association between self-efficacy, perception of disease, emotional regulation, and fatigue and the health-related quality of life in older adults living in the departments of Cesar and Atlántico in Colombia and who have been diagnosed with a chronic disease. The participants were 325 older adults of both sexes, with literacy and no presence of cognitive impairment in the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE); A non-probabilistic sampling was carried out. We used the MOS-SF-36 questionnaire, the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire scale for measuring the perception of disease, the Stanford Patient Education Research Center’s Chronic Disease Self self-efficacy questionnaire for chronic patients, the Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale, and the Fatigue Severity Questionnaire as measurement instruments. The design was non-experimental cross-sectional with a correlational scope. The results indicate that self-efficacy, disease perception, emotional regulation and severity of fatigue are variables that could impact the physical function of quality of life, confirming that self-efficacy would work as a factor that decreases the probability that a participant score low on this dimension of quality of life. On the other hand, both the perception of the disease and the severity of fatigue were identified as factors that probably negatively influence quality of life