ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF PANCHACAVYA AGAINST URINARY TRACK INFECTION

Objective: The present study analyzes the antibacterial activity of the natural product. Panchagavya is a term used in Ayurveda to describe five important substances obtained from cow namely Urine, Dung, Milk, Ghee Curd and the natural product of honey. Methods: The sample used as a different concentration of agar well diffusion technique. Results: Among the natural products, honey/100 µl given the maximum zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (33 mm), Pseudomonas spp. (31 mm), followed by Klebsiella spp. (28 mm)and Escherichia coli (28 mm). The crude extract of Lactobacillussp. (buttermilk and curd) showed the considerable zone of inhibition in all the four isolates such as Pseudomonas spp. Klebsiella spp. followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. There is a considerable zone of inhibition for cow dung was observed only in Staphylococcus aureus. Among the natural products honey, milk, buttermilk was effective. Conclusion: All urine samples were aseptically inoculated on Eosine Methylene Blue agar (EMB), MacConkey Agar and Blood agar and incubated

Electronic Structures of Fe3−xV_{3-x}V_x$Si Probed by Photoemission Spectroscopy

The electronic structures of the Heusler type compounds Fe$_{3-x}V$_x$Si in the concentration range between x = 0 and x = 1 have been probed by photoemission spectroscopy (PES). The observed shift of Si 2p core- level and the main valence band structres indicate a chemical potential shift to higher energy with increasing x. It is also clarified that the density of state at Fermi edge is owing to the collaboration of V 3d and Fe 3d derived states. Besides the decrease of the spectral intensity near Fermi edge with increasing x suggests the formation of pseudo gap at large x.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, 5 reference

The hits and misses of Namibia’s attempt to implement the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries (EAF) Management.

Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries (EAF) management is a concept aimed at the conservation and sustainable use of the entire ecosystem. While EAF is a noble approach, its implementation has been challenging. Although Namibia has committed to the implementation of EAF, only limited assessment has been done of Namibian fisheries management processes and instruments concerning EAF. This assessment aimed to qualitatively ascertain if the Namibian fisheries management processes and instruments conform to the EAF principles. Although this assessment found that Namibian fisheries management processes and instruments largely conform to the EAF principles, it also identified notable areas needing improvements. The conformities were pronounced in the total allowable catch setting, rebuilding depleted stocks, minimizing bycatch, and fishing impact minimization. The polluter pays, and user pays principles were also applied. Areas that were found lacking in this study included setting the indicators for EAF and ecosystem integrity. The assessment also noted the absence of guidelines for the precautionary approach principle and a transparent policy for quota and right allocation processes. The strategies for managing transboundary fish species are also not formulated. Overall, this assessment showed the complexities and challenges of the fisheries management instruments that Namibia and other countries need to overcome to implement EAF successfully