BUCCAL MUCOADHESIVE FILMS

The buccal route of administration has many advantages, including gastrointestinal bypass surgery and first pass through the liver. The mucoadhesive membrane is a retention dosage form that can release the drug directly into the biological matrix. Cheek technology has proven to be an advanced alternative to other traditional devices. The type of drug delivery system. This is a mature technology for systemic administration of active pharmaceutical ingredients [API]. In addition, due to their small size and thinness, these films improve patient compliance. Over the past decade, because it is a promising delivery alternative for multiple therapeutic categories, including peptides, vaccines and nanoparticles. Mucosal adhesions are currently explained by six theories: electronics, adsorption, wettability, diffusion, degradation and mechanics. Various in vitro and in vivo techniques are suggested. Study its mechanism. This study includes an overview of the mechanisms and theories of mucosal adhesion, and introduces the most commonly used methods. The "film casting method" involves casting an aqueous solution and/or organic solvent to produce a film suitable for the application route. The determination of key properties such as mucosal adhesion strength, uniformity of active ingredient content and permeability are important research areas in the field of buccal membrane design

NOVEL NANOPARTICLES FOR THE ORAL DELIVERY OF LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN: IN VITRO AND IN VIVO ASSESSMENT

Objective: The objective of the present study was to prepare and evaluate a novel oral formulation of nanoparticles for the systemic delivery of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). Methods: Nanoparticles were prepared by polyelectrolyte complexation (PEC) method using polymers sodium alginate and chitosan. Entrapment efficiency of LMWH in nanoparticles was found to be  ̴88%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‑ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)  studies carried for nanoparticles. In vitro release studies were performed for the formulations. Ex vivo permeation studies were performed optimized formulation by using small intestine of rat and in vivo studies were conducted on rat model.Results: In vitro release studies demonstrated that the release of LMWH was negligible in the stomach and high in the small intestine. FTIR has indicated that there is no interaction between the ingredients in nanoparticle. DSC and XRD studies confirmed that the amino groups of chitosan interacted with the carboxylic groups of alginate. Invitro % drug release of 95% was shown by formulation AC5. Ex vivo permeation studies have elucidated that ̴ 73% of LMWH was transported across the epithelium. Nanoparticles have shown enhanced oral bioavailability of LMWH as revealed by 4.5 fold increase in AUC of plasma drug concentration time curve.Conclusion: The results suggest that the nanoparticles prepared can result in targeted delivery of LMWH into systemic circulation via intestinal and colon routes. Novel nanoparticles thus prepared in this study can be considered as a promising delivery system.Keywords: Antifactor Xa activity, Chitosan, Differential scanning calorimetry, Sodium alginate, Low-molecular-weight heparin, Oral bioavailability

REVIEW ARTICLE ON PULSATILE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

Pulsatile drug delivery systems (PDDS) are acquiring a lot of interest as they deliver the medication at the perfect place at the perfect time and in the perfect amount, subsequently giving spatial and transient delivery and increasing patient consistency. These systems are designed by the circadian rhythm of the body. The primary reasoning for the utilization of pulsatile arrival of the medications is the place where a consistent medication release is not desired. A pulse must be planned so that a complete and rapid medication release is accomplished after the lag time. A different system such as capsular system, osmotic system, single-and multiple unit system dependent on the utilization of soluble or erodible polymer coating, and the utilization of rupturable films has been managed in the article. It sums up the most recent technology development, formulation parameter, and delivery profiles of this system. PDDS is helpful for the medications having chronopharmacological conduct where night-time dosing is required, such as anti-arrhythmic, anti-ulcerative, and anti-asthmatic, and so on The momentum survey article talked about the explanations behind the advancement of the PDDS, benefits, limitation, mechanism of medication release, need for pulsatile drug delivery, a disease that requires pulsatile technology, classification, and future parts of PDDS

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MEDICATED LOZENGES FOR SORE THROAT

Objective: The objective of the present work was to formulate and evaluate lozenges for a sore throat using Loratadine. Loratadine is a long-acting peripheral H1-receptor antagonist which is mainly used as an antihistamine. Loratadine lozenges were prepared to prevent the itching and inflammation in sore throat. Methods: Solid dispersion of Loratadine was prepared using β-cyclodextrin in the ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 to enhance the solubility of Loratadine. The prepared solid dispersion of Loratadine was analyzed for solubility enhancement. Loratadine lozenges were then formulated with mannitol, sucrose, acacia, xanthan gum, liquid glucose by heat, and congealing technique. The prepared lozenges were evaluated for drug-excipient incompatibility study, diameter, thickness, weight variation, hardness, friability, in vitro release study, and drug content. Results: The results of the Fourier transform infrared study showed that there was no interaction between the selected drug and excipients. In vitro drug release study of Loratadine lozenges were performed in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer, wherein >90% of the drug was released within 30 min for all the formulations. The lozenges were optimized based on in vitro release data. Formulation F7 of Loratadine lozenges exhibited 99.1% release in 30 min. Stability studies revealed that the formulation was stable. Conclusion: From the present work, it was concluded that the Loratadine lozenges can be considered as a suitable delivery system for the treatment of sore throat