Guest editorial

The Society of Arab Dental Faculties (SARDF) affiliated to the Association of Arab Universities has decided to launch the International Arab Journal of Dentistry in order to bring together the scientific publications of faculty members..

Maxillary sinus augmentation by the crestal approach: radiographic changes in graft height. A 1-year retrospective study

The purpose of this study is to evaluate, radiographically, the change in intra-sinus graft height after implant placement using inorganic mineral bovine bone and the osteotome technique. Thirty-one implants were placed in twenty-five patients with simultaneous sinus lift using the crestal approach and deproteinized bovine bone ((Bio-Oss®). Periapical radiographs were taken immediately after implant placement, after six months (healing period), and after a minimum of six months of loading. Changes of the graft height were evaluated using image analysis software (Image Tool for Windows, version 3, UTHSCA). The distance between the implant apex and the graft summit was measured along the longitudinal axis of the implant (distance D). This distance was consecutively measured on radiographs taken immediately after surgery (D0), at second stage surgery (D6), and at follow-up visits (D12). Only 25 out of 31 implants were included to analyze the variation in the distance D in time (D6 and D12). Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between D0 and D6 (p\u3c0.0001), between D6 and D12 (p\u3c0.002), and between D0 and D12 (p\u3c0.001). The graft lost 27.4% of its apical height after twelve months. Within the limitations of the present study it was found that the use of deproteinized bovine bone, which has a very slow resorption rate, could not prevent changes in the initially gained intrasinus graft height. However, the reported results showed that its use was beneficial in limiting the loss of the augmented height to a minimum

Correlation of the Initial Bone Height to the Middle Facial Height and the Maxillary Sinus Volume: A Retrospective Study

This study aims to measure and establish a correlation between the initial bone height (IBH) at the dentate posterior maxillary sextants to the middle facial height (MFH) and the maxillary sinus volume (SV). Thirty CBCTs split evenly between males and females were retrospectively selected and processed to measure the SV and the IBH from the first premolar to the second molar. A clinical measurement was performed on each patient to evaluate the MFH. A significant positive correlation was found between MFH and SV. No significant correlation was found between the IBH of the first premolar and the SV or MFH on both sides. The results showed a significant negative correlation between the IBH of the other teeth examined and the SV on both sides. A significant negative correlation was found between the MFH and the IBH of the second premolar, first molar, and second molar of each side. It can be concluded that the maxillary SV increases with the MFH, and the IBH decreases when the SV and the MFH increase except for the first premolar. The clinical relevance of this study lies in the capability of the general practitioner to estimate the IBH in the posterior dentate maxilla by measuring the MFH. Patients with a risk of having a low IBH can be advised, in the case of an extracted tooth, to consider ridge preservation techniques or implant therapy as soon as possible to avoid future complex surgical interventions

Taper Preparation Variability Compared to Current Taper Standards Using Computed Tomography

Introduction. The purpose of this study was to compare the taper variation in root canal preparations among Twisted Files and PathFiles-ProTaper .08 tapered rotary files to current standards. Methods. 60 root canals with severe angle of curvature (between 25° and 35°) and short radius (r < 10 mm) were selected. The canals were divided randomly into two groups of 30 each. After preparation with Twisted Files and PathFiles-ProTaper to size 25 taper .08, the diameter was measured using computed tomography (CT) at 1, 3, and 16 mm. Canal taper preparation was calculated at the apical third and at the middle-cervical third. Results. Of the 2 file systems, both fell within the ±.05 taper variability. All preparations demonstrated variability when compared to the nominal taper .08. In the apical third, mean taper was significantly different between TF and PathFiles-ProTaper (P value < 0.0001; independent t-test). Mean Taper was significantly higher with PathFile-ProTaper. In the middle-cervical third, mean Taper was significantly higher with TF (P value = 0.015; independent t-test). Conclusion. Taper preparations of the investigated size 25 taper .08 were favorable but different from the nominal taper

Clinical and radiographic evaluation of bone remodeling around implants placed in horizontally augmented bone: A pilot study

Introduction: Marginal bone loss after implant placement is one of the most used criteria to assess the success of osseointegrated implants over time. The type of implant connection and implant surface type are reported to have an influence on bone remodeling around the placed implants. This study aimed to evaluate marginal bone loss around two implant systems with different connections and surfaces in horizontally augmented sites. Methods: This randomized control pilot study included 8 implants placed in 3 patients who needed implant placement in previously horizontally grafted sites. The placed implants were divided into two groups: group 1 consisting of implants with external connection and a hybrid design, and group 2 including implants with an internal connection and a fully etched surface. Clinical and radiographical measurements were taken at baseline, during the surgery, and up to one year after loading to evaluate marginal bone loss around the two different implants placed in grafted sites. Results: All implants were retained at all follow-up periods and healing was uneventful. There were similar Marginal Bone Loss (MBL) and soft tissue changes around both types of implants. Group 2 implants had higher MBL, however, the difference was not statistically significative. Conclusion: Preliminary analysis suggest that full surface etching does not seem to negatively influence marginal bone loss around implants placed in augmented bone

Comparing clinical and radiographic periodontal parameters to software generated CBCT measurements

The aim of this study was to compare direct surgical measurements to data extracted from periapical radiographs and CBCT by means of software (coPeriodontix™ and Blue Sky Plan®) in order to assess the accuracy delivered by these 2 software. Ten patients were included in the study, and the number of teeth selected for measurements ranged from one to 10 per patient. All CBCT scans and X-rays were acquired within a maximum period of 1 month prior to surgery. Clinical linear measurements were performed at 6 sites for each tooth. Furcation defects were recorded according to the Hamp classification.Differences between data acquired from these 3 modalities were analyzed. Linear measurements showed statistically significant difference, where CBCT showed the least bone loss, periapical radiographs showed more bone loss, while direct surgical measurements showed the most bone loss. The Blue Sky Plan® that measured the furcation involvement accurately depicted the true furcation defect

Influence of Material Properties on Rate of Resorption of Two Bone Graft Materials after Sinus Lift Using Radiographic Assessment

. Purpose. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of chemical and physical properties of two graft materials on the rate of resorption. Materials and Methods. Direct sinus graft procedure was performed on 22 patients intended for implant placement. Two types of graft materials were used (Bio-Oss and Cerabone) and after 8 months healing time the implants were inserted. Radiographic assessment was performed over the period of four years. Particle size, rate of calcium release, and size and type of crystal structure of each graft were evaluated. Results. The average particle size of Bio-Oss (1 mm) was much smaller compared to Cerabone (2.7 mm). The amount of calcium release due to dissolution of material in water was much higher for Bio-oss compared to Cerabone. X-ray image analysis revealed that Bio-Oss demonstrated significantly higher volumetric loss (33.4 ± 3.1%) of initial graft size compared to Cerabone (23.4 ± 3.6%). The greatest amount of vertical loss of graft material volume was observed after one year of surgery. Conclusion. The chemical and physical properties of bone graft material significantly influence resorption rate of bone graft materials used for sinus augmentation

Influence of Material Properties on Rate of Resorption of Two Bone Graft Materials after Sinus Lift Using Radiographic Assessment

Purpose. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of chemical and physical properties of two graft materials on the rate of resorption. Materials and Methods. Direct sinus graft procedure was performed on 22 patients intended for implant placement. Two types of graft materials were used (Bio-Oss and Cerabone) and after 8 months healing time the implants were inserted. Radiographic assessment was performed over the period of four years. Particle size, rate of calcium release, and size and type of crystal structure of each graft were evaluated. Results. The average particle size of Bio-Oss (1 mm) was much smaller compared to Cerabone (2.7 mm). The amount of calcium release due to dissolution of material in water was much higher for Bio-oss compared to Cerabone. X-ray image analysis revealed that Bio-Oss demonstrated significantly higher volumetric loss (33.4 ± 3.1%) of initial graft size compared to Cerabone (23.4 ± 3.6%). The greatest amount of vertical loss of graft material volume was observed after one year of surgery. Conclusion. The chemical and physical properties of bone graft material significantly influence resorption rate of bone graft materials used for sinus augmentation

L’échec implantaire : revue de la littérature

Since the 1960s, the introduction of osseointegration principles and improved surgical protocols has resulted in an increasing use of oral implants in clinical practice. Despite their high long-term success rates in the rehabilitation of fully or partially edentulous patients, dental implants failures might occur. The implant failure can be classified as early failure (the osseointegration is not yet established) and late failure (involving a breakdown of the established osseointegration). The aim of this article was to present a literature review regarding mechanism, etiologies and risk factors associated with implant failures

Computer-assisted analysis of bone volume for sinus augmentation procedure

The objectives of this study were to determine the volume of bone required prior to a sinus graft using two different methods, to compare it to the actual volume used during surgery and to evaluate a segmentation technique in quantifying the volume of a xenograft on the post-operative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) slices. CBCT data from 11 CBCT scans for 11 patients (6 males, 5 females) requiring 13 lateral augmentation procedures were imported to Simplant Pro 15® (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium) in DICOM format. Residual ridge height (RRH) was measured for each implant site as well as mucosal thickness (MT). MT was classified by grades (1 to 4). Simulation of implant placement for each site was realized and the graft volume was pre-operatively calculated by a semi-automatic segmentation (SAS) technique and another automatic Simplant sinus graft (SSG) technique. All patients underwent a lateral sinus augmentation surgery 3 to 12 weeks after the initial CBCT scan. The volume of the bovine bone grafting material (BBM) particles was quantified during the surgery (Vr) for all patients and on immediate post-operative CBCT scans (CBCT-V) for 7 patients. With a mean augmentation of 9.45 ± 1.72 mm, the calculated volumes were 2.243 ± 0.962 mm3 and 2032 ± 0.843 mm3 for the SAS and SSG methods, respectively. Percent variation between Vr and SAS volume was significant (22.4%) and non-significant (4.5%) between Vr and SSG volume. In cases with MT grade 1 & 2, no difference was found between Vr and SAS volume. No difference was found between Vr (1.918 ± 1.118 mm3) and CBCT-V (1.979 ± 1.108). In conclusion, the results showed that the use of the Simplant® software was effective in determining the required graft volume for the surgery, the volume measurements with the SSG were more accurate than the SAS and the quantification of BBM particles on CBCT data sets was reliable and accurate with the segmentation technique used