The Leadership Characteristics And Efficiency Of Local Administrative Organizations: A Case Study Of Local Administrative Organizations In The Lower North Region Of Thailand

The objective of this study was to examine the leadership and the efficiency of the chief executive of local government organizations. We asked chief executives of local government organizations in nine provinces in the lower northern region of Thailand to fill out questionnaires and participate in in-depth interviews. Then we used a computer program (SPSS) to do a quantitative analysis of the data, and we also did a content analysis using a qualitative method. The results of this study found that the characteristics of local government leaders are vision, education and knowledge, good personality, high morality, attention to work, responsibility, and participation

Adsorption of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by willow wood biochars produced at different pyrolysis temperatures

Adsorption of DNA by biochars was investigated in the present study. Biochars were produced from air-dried willow wood chips at 300, 400, 500, and 600 A degrees C under limited oxygen supply. The resulting products, referred to as BC300, BC400, BC500, and BC600, respectively, were characterized for their elemental composition, cation exchange capacity (CEC), specific surface areas (SSA), and microporosity. According to a Langmuir isotherm, maximum DNA adsorption capacity of biochars was ranked as BC500 > BC600 > BC400 > BC300. Increasing solution pH (from 4.0 to 9.0) faintly decreased DNA adsorption onto biochars. The addition of Na+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ slightly increased the adsorption of DNA, and the effect decreased by increasing the pyrolysis temperature of biochars, indicating that electrostatic interaction was not the main driving force for DNA adsorption onto those biochars. Correlation analysis showed that SSA and micropore surface area were the main factors influencing DNA adsorption on biochars