Selection of corn hybrids ensuring the production of high-energy feed for modern dairy farming

The “line” of hybrids recommended by the Ural Research Institute of Agriculture Ob 140 SV (FAO 140), Ross 130 MV (FAO 130) and Kuban 101 SV (later Kuban 102 SV) (FAO 120) in 2016…2020 occupied 81.8…90.6% in the structure of sown seeds in the Sverdlovsk region. The area under corn by 2014 increased to 19.39 thousand hectares (6.3 times compared to 2008) and in 2015…2020 it stabilized at the level of 19.3…21.0 thousand hectares. The production test of the “grain” corn cultivation technology developed by the Ural Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences was carried out in four basic farms, in which the area of corn sown increased by 1.9 times over the period from 2012 to 2020, with a simultaneous increase in the sowings of high-protein crops: alfalfa and oilseeds. In the agricultural organizations of the SEC “Kilachevsky” and the SEC named after. The starch content in the silo reached 202-364 g/kg in 2017…2020, in some years it decreased to 142…146 g/kg (SEC “Kilachevsky”) and to 64…67 g/kg (SEC im. Zhukov). Over the past 3…5 years, individual farms of the region have begun to harvest cornage from corn. In the SEC “Kilachevsky”, the starch content in the new type of feed was 247 g/kg SV in 2018, 341…407 g/kg in 2019 and 439 g/kg SV in 2020. The research was carried out on the basis of the FSBSI URFANITS UrB RAS as part of the State Task on the topic “Creation and improvement of adaptive technologies for the cultivation and processing of economically significant agricultural crops based on the optimization of biotic and abiotic factors”

Promising breeding material of winter triticale in the conditions of the Middle Urals

The research was carried out in 2012-2018 in test sowings of the Ural Agricultural Research Institute– branch of the FSBSI Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences with the aim to obtain promising high-yielding, locally adapted breeding samples of winter triticale. We used interverietal hybridization and evaluation of hybrids F1-F4, selection and sowing of ears and plants in breeding nurseries. Evaluation of promising lines on plots of 5-10 m2 according to generally accepted methods. Breeding samples of winter triticale were obtained, the yield of which reached 6.8-7.0 t/ha and was 15-19% higher than the standard - Bashkirskaya korotkostevelnaya (5.9 t/ha). The winter hardiness of the best samples was at the level of 80-90 % and exceeded the standard (72 %) by 12-18 %. Samples were found that exceeded the standard by the number of grains in the ear, the weight of 1000 grains, the ear productivity and the content of raw protein in the grain. The selected hybrid samples are evaluated in a competitive test and propagated in isolated areas

The interrelation of holstein black pied cattle’s productive qualities by lactation

Holsteinized Russian black pied cattle of the Ural type are bred in the Sverdlovsk region, which is represented by large highly productive animals with a high genetic potential of productivity. The purpose of the work was to study the productive qualities of Holsteinized black pied cattle with a high proportion of thorough-bredness in the Holstein breed and their interrelation. Milk yield per lactation increases reaching the maximum for the third lactation. The increase amounted to o 1409 kg or 14.9% relative to the first one. The study has found changes in milk quality indicators; the indicators fluctuated depending on lactation, yet a tendency to increase MFF in milk from the first to the third lactation was revealed. The highest indicators were shown in the second lactation. During this lactation, the highest milk protein content was observed – 3.26%. Due to the increase in milk yield and milk quality indicators, an increase in the amount of milk fat and milk protein per lactation is observed from 679 kg (1 lactation) to 782 kg (2 lactation). The correlation between milk yield and milk quality indicators being MFF and MFP varies depending on lactation. Mainly, with the exception of the first lactation and the interrelation of milk yield per lactation - MFP in milk was negative and amounted to 0.11. That is, with an increase in milk yield, there is a decrease in MFF and MFP in milk

Taxonomic composition of weed vegetation in the southern and middle Urals and zonal features of its control in maize crops

As a result of expeditionary-route studies, the impoverishment of the composition of the segetal flora in maize crops was established when moving from the North-West to the South-East of the Ural region: from 37 species in the forest-meadow and mountain-forest zones to 10 in the steppe zone. Zonal features of the composition of weed communities associated with the hydrothermal gradient consist in the mutual substitution of annual monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species with a stable contribution of perennial dicotyledons, as well as the replacement of mesophytic weeds with xerophytic species of the same families. A comparison of cross-spectrum herbicides effectiveness in the forest-steppe and forest-meadow zones showed the advantages of a post-emergent preparation with soil effect of Meister Power. In temperate soil fertility in the Southern area of the region, it is economically feasible to use post-emergent herbicides without soil effect, in Northern areas with stable moisture – soil ones

The relationship of productive qualities of holshteinized black-and-white cattle along the lines

In the Sverdlovsk region, holstinized black-and-white cattle of the Ural type is bred, which is represented by large, highly productive animals with a high genetic potential for productivity. The purpose of the work is to study the productive qualities of Holsteinized black-and-white cattle with a high proportion of blood relationship in the Holstein breed, depending on the linear affiliation and their relationship. There are no differences in milk yield and milk quality indicators in cows of different lines. All cows were of dairy productivity, as evidenced by the high coefficient of milk production. There was a significant difference between groups of cows of different lines in terms of the lactation stability coefficient, which was higher in the group of cows of the Reflection Sovering line (P≤0.05). The figure clearly shows that the correlation between milk yield and milk quality indicators – FDM and PDM in milk is negative, that is, with an increase in milk yield, there is a decrease in FDM and PDM in milk. A positive correlation has been established between the phenotypic trait (live weight) and their productive qualities – milk yield and lactation stability coefficient, which makes it possible to recommend selection by live weight