5 research outputs found

    Minimal half-spaces and external representation of tropical polyhedra

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    We give a characterization of the minimal tropical half-spaces containing a given tropical polyhedron, from which we derive a counter example showing that the number of such minimal half-spaces can be infinite, contradicting some statements which appeared in the tropical literature, and disproving a conjecture of F. Block and J. Yu. We also establish an analogue of the Minkowski-Weyl theorem, showing that a tropical polyhedron can be equivalently represented internally (in terms of extreme points and rays) or externally (in terms of half-spaces containing it). A canonical external representation of a polyhedron turns out to be provided by the extreme elements of its tropical polar. We characterize these extreme elements, showing in particular that they are determined by support vectors.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figures, example added with a new figure, figures improved, references update

    ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½Π°Ρ фолликулярная ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Ρ†ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ. ΠšΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ наблюдСниС ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€ Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹

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    Primary thyroid-like follicular renal cell carcinoma is an extremely rare type of renal cell cancer with low malignancy potential and relatively good prognosis. It has not been included into the World Health Organization classification of renal tumors. This tumor is characterized by morphology similar to primary thyroid follicular cancer, but with different immune phenotype, which is important for morphological diagnosis. Surgery has been recognized as the only curative treatment. We describe our own observation of follicular renal carcinoma in a 68-year old man, in whom renal tumor was identified during his regular examination due to past colon cancer. The disease was asymptomatic. The patient had elective laparoscopic nephrectomy. At pathological assessment, the tumor looked like a follicular thyroid neoplasm. Immunohistochemistry revealed no expression of RCC, TTF-1, thyroglobulin, CD-10, synaptophysin, and chromogranin A. The differential diagnosis included metastatic primary thyroid malignancy as the most probable diagnosis, as well as highly differentiated neuroendocrine tumor and the so-called β€œthyroid kidney” that might occur in long-standing chronic pyelonephritis. Conclusion: The case of primary follicular renal carcinoma illustrates that this rare renal tumor is heterogeneous both in its structure and tumor cell immunophenotypes. Longer follow-up and accumulation of larger numbers of the disease is needed. This would allow for a more objective assessment of its prevalence in the population, of its clinical characteristics and morphological variability.ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½Π°Ρ фолликулярная ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Ρ†ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ (Π°Π½Π³Π». primary thyroid-like follicular renal cell carcinoma) - Ρ‡Ρ€Π΅Π·Π²Ρ‹Ρ‡Π°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ‚ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ° с Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ злокачСствСнности ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Ρ…ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ, Π½Π΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ Π² ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ ВсСмирной ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ здравоохранСния. Π­Ρ‚Π° ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ характСризуСтся сходным морфологичСским строСниСм с ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ фолликулярным Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ‹, Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΎΡ‚ Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΎΡ„Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ для морфологичСской диагностики. Π₯ирургичСский ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π½ СдинствСнным ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ лСчСния. Описано собствСнноС наблюдСниС фолликулярной ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Ρ†ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ Ρƒ ΠΌΡƒΠΆΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ 68 Π»Π΅Ρ‚, Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ обслСдовании ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ° толстой кишки Π² Π°Π½Π°ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π·Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ. Π—Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎ бСссимптомно. Π’ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ порядкС Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π° лапароскопичСская нСфрэктомия. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ патологоанатомичСском исслСдовании ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° ΠΏΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠΆΠ° Π½Π° Ρ„ΠΎΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡΡ€Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ‹. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ иммуногистохимичСском исслСдовании Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Ρ… ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ отсутствовала экспрСссия RCC, TTF-1, Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€Π΅ΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°, CD-10, синаптофизина, Ρ…Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΠ½Π° А. Π”ΠΈΡ„Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ диагностика ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡŒ Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΡƒΡŽ ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΡŒ с мСтастазом ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ‹, с высокодиффСрСнцированной нСйроэндокринной ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡŽ, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ с Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ Π½Π°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€Π΅ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠΉ, Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉΡΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ хроничСском Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ„Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π°. Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ наблюдСниС ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ фолликулярной ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Ρ†ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ этот Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ‚ ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ особСнностям строСния, ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΎΡ„Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠΏΡƒ ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ. НСобходимо ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° наблюдСния ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ большСго числа случаСв Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ заболСвания. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ частоту встрСчаСмости этих ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Π² популяции, ΠΈΡ… клиничСскиС характСристики ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ

    LAPAROSCOPIC RESECTION OF THE HORSESHOE KIDNEY FOR RENAL CELL CARCINOMA

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    Renal fusion is one of the most common kidney anomalies. The most frequent is horseshoe kidney, characterized by a fusion of the poles (typically the lower poles) of the kidneys. We described a clinical case of a malignant tumor in the right half of the horseshoe kidney (stage 1 cancer, CT1aN0M0) in a man aged 65 years, who underwent laparoscopic resection. It was shown that laparoscopy is no less efficient than open surgery. However, in planning the operation, it is necessary to use spiral computed tomography for three-dimensional reconstruction of the organ and identification of its anatomical features caused by aberrant blood supply to horseshoe kidney
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