(In) Compendium: Stretegies for sustainable fruit production in Frazile agro-ecosystem of arid regions Ed; A chandra,J Singh, PK Yadav,IM Verma and Y Sudarshan.

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(In) Techniques and management of field crop production. Editors: PS Rathore

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Not AvailableLivelihood improvement is not just about the positive change towards better quality of life and human wellbeing, but it takes into account the local and global change which determines the livelihood. The adverse impact of climate change may be more severely felt by the poor, who are more vulnerable than the rich. Appropriate policy responses combining agroecosystems as key assets can strengthen adaptation and help build the resilience of communities and households to local and globalchange. Steps to promote the mainstreaming of adaptation into livelihood improvement may potentially deliver better results when combined with adaptive management of natural resources and agro ecosystems. There is a need for intensified conservation efforts as well as growing products and generating services in agroecosystems. Arid zones are known to be fragile ecosystems and interference without knowing the ecological linkages within these systems can result in their degradation, which is often irreversible. Agroforestry as traditionally followed in these regions is a complete, ecologically sustainable livelihood system. To meet both present and future demands, policies need to be supportive of the development of these traditional agroforestry systems based on synergism with nature. There is also a potential to utilize arid zone agroforestry to solve global problems like desertification, global warming (through increased carbon sequestration), and biodiversity conservation. Tree-growing in combination with agricultural crops, including individual farms, watersheds and regional landscape can be integrated to take advantage of the services provided by adjacent natural, semi-natural or restored ecosystems. Increasing the livelihood security and reducing the vulnerability call for societal adaptation. Such adaptations are possible when combined with traditional resource management systems. Agri-horti-silvi system as a local adaptation, therefore, is a promising area of interest. Agri-horti- silvi system will be multifarious utility to the farmers because it not only provides fuel wood, timber, fruits and crop produce but also helps to enrich the soil healthNot Availabl

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Not AvailableAn experiment was conducted on the "study of system productivity through intercrop diversification in agri-horti system in arid ecosystem of western Rajasthan" at research farm of CAZRI, Regional Research Station" Bikaner on the existing plantation of 10 years old plantations of Citrus aurontifolia,bael (Aegle marmelos) and gonda (Cordia myxa) planted with drip irrigation system under agri-horti system. The experiment was conducted under factorial Randomized Block design with three replications. The experimental results revealed that inter-cropping of legumes (rainfed) has no competition in agri-horti system, showing positive effect on growth and yield of fruit trees. Growth parameters of all the trees were found to be non significant in intercropping of Lasiurus sindicus and Aloe vera over no inter cropping. Inter cropping of mothbean with bael gave highest plant height of bael which was 15.9,13.05,4.90 and 10.70 per cent higher over inter cropping of cluster bean, aloe vera, L. sindicus and sole, respectively. Yield of intercrops were highest with citrus and lowest with bael during both the years. Highest water use efficiency (0.98 kg/mm) was in inter cropping of mothbean with citrus whereas in perennial crops, L. sindicus showed highest WUE of 19.4 kg/mm in intercropping with citrus. The CEY was highest in all the crops in inter cropping with citrus over rest of the trees under agri-horti system.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableTraditionally, the farmers of arid regionare growing sole crops of moth bean and clusterbean under rainfed conditions. Sole cropping under traditional cropping system (TCS) is successful once in three years. Even in good cropping season, the land utilization does not exceed four months.Not Availabl