Application of nanostructural nickel titanium implants with shape memory effect to modern dental practice

The results of clinical treatment of severe periodontal diseases by application of the new functional implants based on nanostructural NiTi alloy with shape memory effect are presented. The nanostructure in NiTi alloy is attained by severe plastic deformation, particularly by equal channel angular pressing. Several new types of NiTi implants are developed, including dental implants (to replace the removed teeth) and trans radix implants (to enforce teeth and to attach teeth to the jaw bone). The surface of nanostructured NiTi implants is covered by the carbyne layer in order to ensure high bio-compatibility. The new treatment procedure is proposed which includes the injection into the jawbone tissue of the mixture based on powdered NiTi alloy. These injection implants will be incorporated into living bone tissue. The result will be the growth of the shell of the new healthy dense bone. The NiTi particles behave structurally similar to healthy bones, i.e. living tissue cells incorporate with them followed by small vessels and nerves. As a result the implants will not be rejected for a long time. The summary results of 3 years’ practice of the successful application of these new implantation system in dentistry are presented. The ease of implementation of the new NiTi dental shape memory implants and the ease at which they can be adopted to bone tissue, especially in cases where it’s in deficit are highlighte

Measurements of X-ray spectral opacity of dense plasma at ISKRA-5 laser facility

Powerful iodine ISKRA-5 laser facility was upgraded and now operates on the second harmonic. Experiments were performed to measure the x-ray spectral opacity of dense plasma of different materials. Sample of material under study was fabricated as a thin plate with the 0.1-0.15 $\mu$m thickness and was heated by the soft x-rays generated by irradiation of a thin film gold converter by one beam of the ISKRA-5 laser facility. Typical laser intensity on the converter was (1-5)$\cdot$10$^{13}$ W/cm$^{2}$ and laser pulse duration was 0.5-0.6 ns. The effective temperature of sample under experimental conditions didn't exceed 30-40 eV. The sample was tampered by $\sim$ 1 $\mu$m plastic layers on both sides to avoid its rarefaction during heating and to obtain a quasistationary layer of a dense plasma prepared to be probed by a backlighter. The backlighter was aluminum or dysprosium film irradiated by another beam of the ISKRA-5 laser facility with an intensity of 10$^{14}$-10$^{15}$ W/cm$^{2}$. Probe x-rays were registered by a Bragg spectrometer with spatial resolution. Comparison between experimental data and simulations is discussed

Simulations of a Ne-like Ge X-ray laser and comparison with experiments in RFNC-VNIIEF

The results of 3D simulations of the laboratory Ne-like Ge x-ray laser in RFNC-VNIIEF are in good agreement with the experimental data. Calculations show that considerable rise of brightness and transverse coherence length can be achieved under half-cavity conditions