Modulation of Circumstellar Extinction in a Young Binary System with a Low-Mass Companion in a Noncoplanar Orbit

The cyclic activity model of a young star with the low-mass secondary component (q = M2/M1 <= 0.1) accreting a matter from circumbinary disk is considered. It is assumed that the orbit is circular and the disk and orbital planes are non-coplanar. Sets of hydrodynamics models of such a system have been calculated by the SPH method and then the variations of the circumstellar extinction and phase light curves were determined. The calculations showed that depending on the model parameters and orientation of the system in regards to an observer the different in shape and amplitude light curves can be observed. An important property of the considered models is also the dependence of the mass accretion rate onto the components on the phase of the orbital period. The results of the calculation can be used for analysis of the cyclic activity of UX Ori stars and young stars with the long-lasting eclipses.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figure

The RATAN-600 multi-frequency catalogue of blazars -- BLcat

In this paper we present the RATAN-600 multi-frequency catalogue of blazars, an updated version of the BLcat: the RATAN-600 multi-frequency catalogue of BL Lacertae objects. The main novelty in the catalogue is an extension of the sample with flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), thus currently it contains more than 1700 blazars of different types. The main feature of the BLcat is a compilation of radio continuum data for blazars based on the RATAN-600 quasi-simultaneous measurements at frequencies of 1.1, 2.3, 4.7, 7.7/8.2, 11.2, and 21.7/22.3 GHz. We additionally supplement the catalogue with the radio data from external sources to provide an opportunity to more complete study of radio spectra and radio light curves. For the convenience of users, we developed tools to calculate the spectral index, variability index, and radio luminosity. We briefly describe basic radio properties of blazar subsamples of the catalogue: spectral classification, spectral indices, flux density variability, and radio luminosity.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure

MINERALOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL FEATURES OF APATITE-FLUORITE ROCKS OF THE BURPALA MASSIF IN THE NORTHERN BAIKAL REGION

The Burpala massif located in the Northern Baikal region contains ore-bearing pegmatites, carbonatites and apatite-fluorite rocks with Zr-Nb-REE-rare-metal mineralization. Considering their petrological, geochemical, geological and thermobarochemical features, it was established that apatite-fluorite rocks were formed from a residual fluid melt containing minor CO2, increased P2O5 and F. Apatite-fluorite rocks of the Burpala massif are similar to the foscorite formations of most carbonatite complexes distinguished by the presence of fluorite.The mineral composition of these rocks was for the first time studied in details. In addition to apatite and fluorite, the following minerals are present: zircon, baddeleyite, barite-celeistine, barite, thorianite, ilmenite, magnetite, hematite, biotite, potassium feldspar, pyroxene, as well as rare minerals with high Ta, Nb and Pb content

ROLE OF CYTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF PRETERM BIRTH

Currently, the existence of a wide range of subpopulations of CD8+T-lymphocytes has been revealed, among which there are subpopulations of naive and effector cells, as well as memory cells. CD8+T-lymphocytes are thought to be a population of lymphocytes with high cytotoxic activity, which is of extreme importance during pregnancy. Given that each subpopulation is characterized by a set of produced mediators, surface and intracellular markers, we can assume their role in the pathogenesis of preterm birth. This determined the need to investigate the role of naive cells, effector cells, and memory cells in the development of spontaneous preterm birth. Data on the content of naive CD8+-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of women with threatened preterm birth are practically absent. It was found that the infiltration of CD8+-lymphocytes in the area of uteroplacental contact was associated with the development of timely delivery. Chronic chorioamnionitis is the most common condition in idiopathic preterm birth and is characterized by the infiltration of maternal CD8+Tcells into the chorioamniotic membranes. Currently, it is believed that chronic inflammatory lesions of the placenta represent maternal antifetal rejection. This led to the study of the role of these cells in the pathogenesis of preterm birth. Purpose. To establish a possible pathogenetic mechanism of preterm birth in women with threatened preterm birth on the basis of the revealed features of differentiation and functional activity of CD8+- lymphocytes at the systemic levelMaterials and methods. The survey of women was carried out on the basis of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “V. Gorodkov Ivanovo Research Institute of Maternity and Childhood” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. A total of 126 women were examined, which were retrospectively divided into 2 main groups – women with threatened preterm birth(n = 68), which was divided into 2 subgroups – with the outcome of pregnancy preterm birth (n = 30) and timely delivery (n = 38). The control group included 58 women with uncomplicated pregnancy and who gave birth on time. In the CD8+-lymphocyte population, the content of central – Tcm (CD45RACD62L+), preterminally differentiated-Tem (CD45RACD62L- ) and terminally differentiated-Temra (CD45RA+CD62L- ) memory cells was determined. In all memory cell populations, the content of cells producing Granzyme B intracellularly was determined. The studies were performed using monoclonal antibodies (mAT) by flow cytometry on a FACSCanto II cytometer using the FACSDiva software (Becton Dickinson, USA).The analysis of the features of the relative content of CD8+-lymphocytes in the main group of women, depending on the outcome of pregnancy, was carried out. When comparing patients with a clinic of threatened preterm birth, whose pregnancy ended prematurely, a higher content of CD8+-lymphocytes was revealed than in group c of women who gave birth in a timely manner, which indicates a high stimulation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in this group of women. With threatening preterm birth, there is an increase in the content of naive CD8+-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. Data on the content of naive CD8+-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of women with threatened preterm birth are practically absent. The increase in CD8+Tn levels is more pronounced in the subgroup of women with a favorable pregnancy outcome. Given this fact, it can be assumed that in women with preterm birth, a lower CD8+Tn is associated with their increased differentiation into effector T-lymphocytes with their subsequent migration to the placental zone. This process could determine the observed decrease in the level of terminally differentiated granzyme-producing CD8+-lymphocytes in a subgroup of women with a pregnancy outcome of preterm birth, which coincided with the literature data

REGULATION OF PERIPHERAL B-LYMPHOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION IN RECURRENT MISCARRIAGE

The important role of immune disorders in recurrent miscarriage has been proven. Clarification of the character of B-lymphocyte differentiation and its regulation factors in women with threatened miscarriage and recurrent miscarriage in history is an urgent problem, since it will reveal the immune mechanisms of the pathogenesis of this pathology. Purpose: to establish the features of B-lymphocyte differentiation and factors of its regulation in women with a history of recurrent miscarriage and threatening spontaneous miscarriage at the time of examination.Were examined pregnant women aged 18-40 years at a gestation period of 5-12 weeks. The main group consisted of 60 pregnant women with a threatening spontaneous miscarriage at the time of examination and a history of recurrent miscarriage. As a control, 35 pregnant women with uncomplicated pregnancy were examined. The comparison group consisted of 25 primary pregnant women with threatened spontaneous miscarriage at the time of examination. The material for the study was peripheral venous blood. Subpopulations of B-lymphocytes CD19+, CD19+ IgD+, CD20+IgM+, CD20+IgG+ were determined by flow cytometry; CD19+CD20- CD38+, CD19+CD27- , CD19+CD27+. Serum levels of BAFF and APRIL were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.In the main group, an increase in the proportion of B-cells, CD20+IgM+-lymphocytes and memory cells was recorded in the peripheral blood, along with a decrease in the level of naive cells and plasma cells. In the comparison group, an increase in the proportion of immature IgM+B-cells, circulating memory cells, along with a decrease in naive B-lymphocytes, was registered. in the main group there was a pronounced decrease in the serum BAFF level compared with the control and comparison groups. Analysis of the APRIL content showed a pronounced downward trend in groups with threatened miscarriage relative to healthy pregnant women. Thus, threatening habitual and sporadic miscarriages were associated with a shift in the differentiation of B-lymphocytes towards immature forms and a lack of regulatory influence of BAFF and APRIL, which is reflected in the disruption of B-cell homeostasis and weakening of humoral effector mechanisms at the systemic level. The revealed changes may indicate a single mechanism for the development of a threatening spontaneous miscarriage, the severity of which increases with repeated loss of pregnancy. These changes can lead to an increase in effector cytotoxic mechanisms and an increase in proinflammatory cytokines, which can lead to the development of damaging reactions in the fetoplacental complex, which can be reflected in the clinical picture of the threat of termination of pregnancy

FEATURES OF MONOCYTE POLARIZATION AT DIFFERENT OUTCOMES IN WOMEN WITH RECURRENT MISCARRIAGE

Currently, in the pathogenesis of recurrent miscarriage, a special role is given to immunological factors, in particular the role of innate immunity. The aim of the study was to assess the relative content of monocytes in the peripheral blood producing IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFNγ, as well as to identify new criteria for predicting the outcome of pregnancy in women with the threat of early termination and recurrent miscarriage. Materials and methods. 88 pregnant women at 5-12 weeks’ gestation were examined, the main group consisted of 59 women with recurrent miscarriage and threatened miscarriage at the time of the study, the control group – 29 women with uncomplicated pregnancy without recurrent miscarriage. The main group, depending on the outcomes of pregnancy, was subdivided into subgroups: subgroup I – 42 women whose pregnancy ended in timely delivery, subgroup II – 8 women with preterm labor, subgroup III – 9 women with abortion up to 22 weeks (spontaneous miscarriage and non-developing pregnancy). In the control group, all women had a timely delivery. Research material – peripheral venous blood. The relative content of IL-4+, IL-6+, IL-10+, IFNγ+ monocytes was assessed on a FACSCanto II flow cytometer using monoclonal antibodies. Statistical data processing was carried out using a package of standard applied programs. Results. In the group of women with recurrent miscarriage and threatened miscarriage, the relative content of IL-10+ and IL-4+ monocytes was reduced and the content of IL-6+ monocytes was increased compared to the control group (p = 0.0001 in all cases). There were no statistically significant differences in the content of IFNγ+ monocytes in the compared groups (p = 0.069). With a relative content of IL-4+ monocytes equal to 26.7% or less, preterm labor is predicted. With a relative content of IL-10+ monocytes equal to 27.0% or less, abortion (spontaneous miscarriage or miscarriage) is predicted in gestational age up to 22 weeks. An increase in the ratio of IFNγ+/ IL-4+, IFNγ+/IL-10+, IL-6+/IL-4+, IL-6+/IL-10+ monocytes was found in the main group (p &lt; 0.0001 in all cases ). Conclusions. In women with recurrent miscarriage in all subgroups, the level of M1 monocytes prevailed over the level of M2 monocytes. The data obtained allowed the development of new prognostic criteria for termination of pregnancy up to 22 weeks and premature birth

МИНЕРАЛОГО-ГЕОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ АПАТИТ-ФЛЮОРИТОВЫХ ПОРОД БУРПАЛИНСКОГО МАССИВА (СЕВЕРНОЕ ПРИБАЙКАЛЬЕ)

The Burpala massif located in the Northern Baikal region contains ore-bearing pegmatites, carbonatites and apatite-fluorite rocks with Zr-Nb-REE-rare-metal mineralization. Considering their petrological, geochemical, geological and thermobarochemical features, it was established that apatite-fluorite rocks were formed from a residual fluid melt containing minor CO2, increased P2O5 and F. Apatite-fluorite rocks of the Burpala massif are similar to the foscorite formations of most carbonatite complexes distinguished by the presence of fluorite.The mineral composition of these rocks was for the first time studied in details. In addition to apatite and fluorite, the following minerals are present: zircon, baddeleyite, barite-celeistine, barite, thorianite, ilmenite, magnetite, hematite, biotite, potassium feldspar, pyroxene, as well as rare minerals with high Ta, Nb and Pb content.Бурпалинский массив, расположенный в Северном Прибайкалье, содержит рудоносные пегматиты, карбонатиты и апатит-флюоритовые породы с Zr-Nb-REE-редкометалльной минерализацией. В результате изучения петролого-геохимических, геологических и термобарохимических особенностей апатит-флюоритовых пород установлено, что они образовались из остаточного флюид-расплава, который содержал незначительное количество СО2 и повышенное – Р2О5 и F. Апатит-флюоритовые породы Бурпалинского массива во многом аналогичны фоскоритам большинства карбонатитовых комплексов и отличаются присутствием флюорита.Впервые был детально изучен минеральный состав данных пород. Установлено, что, кроме апатита и флюорита, в них содержатся следующие минералы: щелочной пироксен, биотит, калиевый полевой шпат, титаномагнетит, ильменит, бадделеит, циркон, торианит, а также редкие минералы с высоким содержанием Ta, Nb, Pb

NEW DATA ON THE GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE SYNNYR ULTRA-K INTRUSIVE FORMATION

The Synnyrsky massif is the largest intrusive containing ultra-potassium syenites, synnyrites, which are raw materials for the production of potash fertilizers and aluminum. An extensive complex of geological and geochemical studies has been carried out, including exploratory drilling, which was carried out on the massif for the first time. The data obtained made it possible to significantly change the idea of the structure of the massif, including a different look at the regularities of the placement of potash-alumina ores, significantly increasing the ore potential and the reliability of its assessment. The present study discusses the existence within the Synnyrsky complex of the third, previously undetected, large intrusive phase, which has its own geological and geochemical features

IMMUNOLOGICAL AND PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF EARLY AND LATE PREECLAMPSIA

Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the most common complications of pregnancy, and it can be after 20 weeks of gestation. It ends only with a complete dissection of afterbirth. Traditionally, PE is subdivided into the early one, taking place through 34 weeks of pregnancy (EOPE) and the late one, which is after 34 weeks of gestation (LOPE). Clinical manifestations are similar in both cases however, risk factors and the severity of PE are different . It has been established that EOPE is determined by impaired trophoblast invasion and transformation of the spiral arteries of the uterus in early pregnancy, and late onset of PE is associated with oxidative stress of syncytiotrophoblast, which occurs secondarily, with limited gas exchange and insufficient intake of nutrients. Numerous studies have noted a significant contribution of immune responses to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, however, the state of B-lymphocytes in EOPE and LOPE has not been studied. A comprehensive assessment of the condition of women with early (up to 34 weeks of pregnancy inclusive) and late (after 34 weeks) development of preeclampsia was carried out, taking into account clinical and anamnestic characteristics, the peculiarities of the formation of the structural components of the placenta, as well as determining the nature of differentiation and functional activity of B-lymphocytes. In peripheral venous blood, the content of CD19+, CD20+, CD19+CD27+IgD±, CD19+CD20- CD38+, CD20+CD5+-cells and serum levels of IL-5, IL-9, IL-13 were examined. Morphological examination included gross description, organometry, survey histology, and transmission electron microscopy. In the group of women with early preeclampsia in history, there were more often perinatal losses, premature births and medical abortions, and in the current pregnancy, intrauterine infection, oligohydramnios, placental insufficiency and fetal growth retardation. With late preeclampsia, metabolic syndrome, anemia, and a history of arterial hypertension were more often observed. In the peripheral blood of all women with preeclampsia, there was an increase in the content of CD20+CD5+-cells in comparison with those in uncomplicated pregnancy, more pronounced in the late onset of preeclampsia. Only in women with early preeclampsia blood levels of CD19+CD20- CD38+ and CD19+CD27+IgD±-cells, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13 increased. Studies of the placenta in early preeclampsia indicated impaired implantation and pathological placentation with the development of primary placental insufficiency, which becomes chronic. In late preeclampsia, the development of placental insufficiency was determined by chronic disorders of maternal and fetal hemocirculation with increased deposition of fibrin and fibrinoid in the basal lamina and in the zones of villous epithelium necrosis. The study showed that the timing of the manifestation of preeclampsia is determined by the action of factors of the clinical history, structural rearrangements in the placenta and immune responses of B-lymphocytes are closely interrelated