Energy Aware Clustering and Aggregate Node Rotation with Sink Relocation in WSN

As the WSN used in industrial and Environmental monitoring the most critical issues in the WSN is to reduce the energy consumption to extend the lifetime of the wireless sensor network. The intermediate hop nodes are working throughout the data transmission so those nodes drain out their energy which automatically reduces the life time of the wireless sensor network. To overcome these drawbacks the EAC-ASR protocol (Energy Aware Clustering Aggregate Node Rotation) with sink relocation method four important processes which are present in this protocol was Clustering, data aggregation, mobile node rotation by swapping algorithm and sink relocation are applied. In this paper theoretical analysis and the simulation analysis are done and the result shows that the EAC-ASR protocol reduces the energy consumption and increase the energy efficiency. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.150316

Introduction of Natural Fiber Composite Using in Paperboard Industry

India is one of the largest countries having agriculture as the main profession for many people. A huge amount of natural fibers are present in the plants of agricultural land and forest. As these natural fibers have high potential due to their biodegradable nature, new ways must be found for the utilization of these natural fibers in industries. Nowadays, the paperboard producing ventures are confronted with two main problems, namely environmental pollution and insufficiency of raw materials. These ventures necessitate the spending of a lot of energy and money for diminishing the level of contamination in paperboard effluents. One method of diminishing the contamination in paperboard industries is the utilization of natural fiber composites. For the last two decades, there has been a lack of raw materials in paperboard industries. Consequently, it is important to find new resources. Presently, many researches focus on the development of natural fiber-reinforced composites for paperboard. The natural fiber composites could be used to solve the above two issues

EXPERIMENTAL AND MATHEMATICAL INVESTIGATION ON PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF OXYGEN ENRICHED AIR IN INTAKE OF A SINGLE CYLINDER DIESEL ENGINE

This  research revealed  that the  single cylinder diesel  engine performance and  emission   characteristics are improved by the oxygen content enriched  intake air and was varied between 21% to 27 % (ie., 21,23,25,27%  by the volume). The effects of enriched oxygen with different loads are analyzed in terms of brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, and also the environmental pollutant like NOx, CO, HC and Smoke. The   mathematical experiment were designed using a statistical tool know as design expert based on response surface modeling. Using RSM to predict the response parameter like brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, nitrogen oxides and smoke. Optimization of the input and response parameters is also done using desirability approach. Finally a software tool is developed using LabVIEW software for predicting engine parameters when the engine input parameters are given

Uptake and movement of phosphorus (32P) in grapes

Phosphorus applied into the soil, appeared in the vine shoots within 24 hours of application, and the 6th bud of the shoot, which is generally the most fruitful region of shoots in the Anab-e-Shahi variety of grape, accumulated a high concentration of fertilizer P

Application of GPR in urban utility detection ranging and characterization

Keeping track of underground utilities through maps or real physical signs is essential for their maintenance and quick repairs, whenever required, without causing much obstruction to day to day life. It is not uncommon that maps are misplaced or real physical signs are destroyed. In such situations, digging and excavation becomes unavoidable during repair works. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is one of the non invasive methods which now are being applied for detection, ranging and characterization of subsurface buried objects. GPR employs radar pulses, sends them into ground, then get back scattered energy from dielectric discontinuities in the subsurface. Frequency of antennae determine their capacity to detect and resolve the buried objects (depth of penetration is worth a mention). Hence, 400MHz and 200MHz frequency antennae are generally used for utility mapping at shallow depths up to 4 to 5 meters. GPR response to buried objects is very much dependent upon buried object locations, their constituents, their surroundings and antennae properties. It is very crucial to have a database of GPR responses corresponding to various influencing factors over their ranges of variability either by experimental or simulation studies. In the present work, an attempt has been made to generate data so as to know the dependence of GPR responses on changes in the influencing factors. Simulations have been carried out by using exclusive GPR simulation software called GPRMax. Several typical ground scenarios have been simulated and effects of various object, medium and antennae parameters on response of GPR have been studied and relationships have been established between them using response surface method (RSM). Finally, real GPR data has been compared with simulated data and interpreted

3-Benzoyl-1,1-dibenzyl­thio­urea

Two independent thio­urea mol­ecules comprise the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C22H20N2OS. The central N–C(=S)N(H)C(=O) atoms in each mol­ecule are virtually superimposable and each is twisted [C—N—C—S torsion angles = 121.3 (3) and −62.3 (4)°]. The mol­ecules differ only in terms of the relative orientations of the benzyl benzene rings [major difference between the C—N—C—C torsion angles of −146.6 (3) and −132.9 (3)°]. The presence of N—H⋯S hydrogen bonding leads to the formation of supra­molecular chains along the a axis. These are consolidated in the crystal packing by C—H⋯O inter­actions. The crystal was found to be a combined non-merohedral and racemic twin (twin law 00/00/001), with the fractional contribution of the minor components being approximately 9 and 28%

The evolution of interindustry technology linkage topics and its analysis framework in 3D printing technology

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from IEEE via the DOI in this recordThe mutual influence and complementarity of technologies between different industries are becoming increasingly prominent. Revealing the topic evolution of technology linkages between industries is the foundation for understanding the technological development trend of the industry. Although numerous works have focused on technology topic mining and its evolution characteristics, these works have not accurately represented the interindustry technology linkage, analyze the related topics and even ignored the technological development characteristics hidden in the topic evolution pathway. Since the Lingo algorithm fully considers the time-series characteristics of the topics, and the knowledge evolution theory can reveal three inherent characteristics in the evolution of knowledge topics, namely, “stability, heredity, and variability,” this article aims to combine the Lingo algorithm and the knowledge evolution theory to analyze the topic evolution of interindustry technology linkages. Additionally, because three-dimensional (3-D) printing technology has significant interdisciplinary and cross-industry characteristics, a wide range of application fields, and various interindustry technology linkages, 3-D printing technology is used for empirical analysis. The empirical results show that the key topics of interindustry technology linkages in 3-D printing include model design, manufacturing methods, manufacturing equipment, manufacturing material, and application. In addition, all these topics have the development feature of heredity. However, the topic of manufacturing materials presents significant variability, the topic of manufacturing methods has the strongest stability, and multiple subtopics of the five topics show variability and genetic intersection

Interleukin-17 Stimulates C-Reactive Protein Expression in Hepatocytes and Smooth Muscle Cells via p38 MAPK and ERK1/2-Dependent NF-κB and C/EBPβ Activation

Elevated systemic levels of the acute phase C-reactive protein (CRP) are predictors of future cardiovascular events. There is evidence that CRP may also play a direct role in atherogenesis. Here we determined whether the proinflammatory interleukin (IL)-17 stimulates CRP expression in hepatocytes (Hep3B cell line and primary hepatocytes) and coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMC). Our results demonstrate that IL-17 potently induces CRP expression in Hep3B cells independent of IL-1β and IL-6. IL-17 induced CRP promoter-driven reporter gene activity that could be attenuated by dominant negative IκBα or C/EBPβ knockdown and stimulated both NF-κB and C/EBP DNA binding and reporter gene activities. Targeting NF-κB and C/EBPβ activation by pharmacological inhibitors, small interfering RNA interference and adenoviral transduction of dominant negative expression vectors blocked IL-17-mediated CRP induction. Overexpression of wild type p50, p65, and C/EBPβ stimulated CRP transcription. IL-17 stimulated p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 activation, and SB203580 and PD98059 blunted IL-17-mediated NF-κB and C/EBP activation and CRP transcription. These results, confirmed in primary human hepatocytes and CASMC, demonstrate for the first time that IL-17 is a potent inducer of CRP expression via p38 MAPK and ERK1/2-dependent NF-κB and C/EBPβ activation and suggest that IL-17 may mediate chronic inflammation, atherosclerosis, and thrombosis

Retained strength of UHTCMCs after oxidation at 2278 K

In the frame of Horizon 2020 European C3HARME research project, the manufacture of ZrB2-based CMCs was developed through different processes: slurry infiltration and sintering, radio frequency chemical vapour infiltration (RF-CVI) and reactive metal infiltration (RMI). To assess the high temperature stability, room temperature bending strength was measured after oxidizing the samples at 2278 K and compared to the strength of the as-produced materials. Microstructures were analysed before and after the thermal treatment to assess the damage induced by the high temperature oxidation. Short fibre-reinforced composites showed the highest retained strength (>80%) and an unchanged stress–strain curve

An Efficient Gabor Walsh-Hadamard Transform Based Approach for Retrieving Brain Tumor Images from MRI

Brain tumors are a serious and death-defying disease for human life. Discovering an appropriate brain tumor image from a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) archive is a challenging job for the radiologist. Most search engines retrieve images on the basis of traditional text-based approaches. The main challenge in the MRI image analysis is that low-level visual information captured by the MRI machine and the high-level information identified by the assessor. This semantic gap is addressed in this study by designing a new feature extraction technique. In this paper, we introduce Content-Based Medical Image retrieval (CBMIR) system for retrieval of brain tumor images from the large data. Firstly, we remove noise from MRI images employing several filtering techniques. Afterward, we design a feature extraction scheme combining Gabor filtering technique (which is mainly focused on specific frequency content at the image region) and Walsh-Hadamard transform (WHT) (conquer technique for easy configuration of image) for discovering representative features from MRI images. After that, for retrieving the accurate and reliable image, we employ Fuzzy C-Means clustering Minkowski distance metric that can evaluate the similarity between the query image and database images. The proposed methodology design was tested on a publicly available brain tumor MRI image database. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed approach outperforms most of the existing techniques like Gabor, wavelet, and Hough transform in detecting brain tumors and also take less time. The proposed approach will be beneficial for radiologists and also for technologists to build an automatic decision support system that will produce reproducible and objective results with high accuracy