Rendimiento agrícola de líneas de papa plantadas fuera de época de siembra en una zona montañosa

The present investigation was developed with the objective of evaluating the agricultural yield of four potato lines out of season of plantation. The lines IBP-27, IBP-30, IBP-101 and IBP-107 (obtained for the Potato Breeding the IBP) were evalued and the variety ‘Desirée’ was used as control. The number of stems, and tubers by plant and the yield (t.ha-1) were evaluated. As a result the IBP-27 and IBP-101 lines presented yields of 19. 06 and 19,16 (t.ha-1) been considered acceptable for the planting time.Key words: plant breeding, Solanum tuberosum L., tubersLa presente investigación se desarrolló con el objetivo de evaluar el rendimiento agrícola de cuatro líneas de papa en plantaciones fuera de época de siembra. Las líneas evaluadas fueron la IBP-27, IBP-30, IBP-101 e IBP-107 (obtenidas en el Programa de mejoramiento genético del cultivo en el IBP) y como control se empleó la variedad ‘Desirée’. Se evaluó el número de tallos y tubérculos por planta y el rendimiento agrícola (t.ha-1). Como resultado las línea IBP-27 e IBP- 101 presentaron rendimientos de 19. 06 y 19,16 (t.ha-1) los que se consideraron aceptables para la época de siembra.Palabras clave : mejoramiento genético, Solanum tuberosum L., tubérculo

Estudio del comportamiento en fases tempranas de somaclones seleccionados de bajo porte en el híbrido de plátano FHIA-21

Banana and plantain (Musa spp.) represent a main crop and a tropical food product on a world level. The present study was carried out in the acclimatization phase with the objective of proving the effectiveness of the selection realized for the height of the plant on plant material that was treated with physical mutagens agent (gamma radiation Co60 source) to induce variability. The treatments used were five (5) somaclons selected previously in the fields with low height, which were multiplied in vitro and were adapted during 45 days, evaluating in this moment various qualitative and quantitative characters. These studies permit the height of the plant as well as the length and width of the leaf to be used as plant selection markers of low height in the early phase in the plantain hybrid FHIA-21.Key words: early detection, musa spp, black sigatokaEl banano y el plátano (Musa spp) representan el principal cultivo y producto alimentario tropical a escala mundial. El presente estudio se llevó a cabo en la fase de aclimatización con el objetivo de recomprobar la efectividad de la selección realizada para la altura de la planta, en material vegetal que había sido tratado con agentes mutagénicos físicos (radiaciones gamma fuente Co 60), para inducir la variabilidad. Los tratamientos empleados fueron cinco somaclones seleccionados previamente en el campo con bajo porte, los que se multiplicaron in vitro y se adaptaron durante cuarenticinco días, evaluándose en este momento, varios caracteres cualitativos y cuantitativos. Estos estudios permitieron utilizar como marcadores de selección de plantas de porte bajo, del híbrido FHIA-21 en fases tempranas, la altura de la planta, así como el largo y el ancho de la hoja.Palabras clave: detección temprana, musa spp, sigatoka negr

Evaluaciones en campo de somaclones de papa (Solanum tuberosum Lin.) de la variedad “Desirée” obtenidos por variación somaclonal y mutagénesis in vitro

One evaluated the yield and its components, the percentage of affectation as opposed to Alternaria solani (Sorauer), the number of tubers that presented affectations by Streptomyces scabies (Thaxter) Wakman and the morphologic variations in tubers. The parameters previously mentioned were evaluated in somaclones IBP-10, IBP-27 and IBP-30, as witness were used the variety “Desirée”, that it is the variety from which they originated somaclones studied. Somaclones IBP-10 and IBP-27 presented yields similar to the original variety, the lowest values were reached about somaclon IBP-30. With respect to the diseases somaclones presented inferior levels of affectation to the original variety front to Alternaria solani, in the evaluation of the number of tubers affected by the common scab was observed that somaclon IBP-30 presented the greater percentage of affected tubers, the IBP-10 the smaller percentage and the IBP-27 presented an intermediate behavior. Changes in the color of the skin and the form of tubers were observed. Somaclón IBP-10 presented yellow coloration in the skin and forms oval small, somaclon IBP-27 presented oval form in the tubers.Key words: Alternaria solani , mutants, Streptomyces scabiesSe evaluó el rendimiento y sus componentes, el porcentaje de afectación frente a Alternaria solani (Sorauer), el número de tubérculos que presentaron afectaciones por Streptomyces scabies (Thaxter) Wakman y las variaciones morfológicas en los tubérculos. Los parámetros anteriormente mencionados se evaluaron en los somaclones IBP-10, IBP-27 e IBP-30, como control se empleó la variedad “Desirée”, que es a partir de la cual se originaron los somaclones estudiados. Los somaclones IBP-10 e IBP-27 presentaron rendimientos similares a la variedad original, los valores más bajos fueron alcanzados por el somaclón IBP-30. Con respecto a las enfermedades los somaclones presentaron niveles de afectación inferiores a la variedad original frente a Alternaria solani. En la evaluación del número de tubérculos afectados por la costra común se observó que el somaclón IBP-30 presentó el mayor porcentaje de tubérculos afectados, el IBP-10 el menor porcentaje y el IBP-27 presentó un comportamiento intermedio. Se observaron cambios en el color de la piel y la forma de los tubérculos. El somaclón IBP-10 presentó coloración amarilla en la piel y forma oval pequeña, mientras que el somaclón IBP-27 presentó forma oval en el tubérculo.Palabras clave: Alternaria solani, mutantes, Streptomyces scabie

Agricultural yields of potato lines planted out of season in a mountainous area

The present investigation was developed with the objective of evaluating the agricultural yield of four potato lines out of season of plantation. The lines IBP-27, IBP-30, IBP-101 and IBP-107 (obtained for the Potato Breeding the IBP) were evalued and the variety ‘Desirée’ was used as control. The number of stems, and tubers by plant and the yield (t.ha-1) were evaluated. As a result the IBP-27 and IBP-101 lines presented yields of 19. 06 and 19,16 (t.ha-1) been considered acceptable for the planting time. Key words: plant breeding, Solanum tuberosum L., tuber

Extent and impact of dry rot in Xanthosoma sagittifolium (l.) Schott and Colocasia esculenta (l.) Schott in Cuba

With the objective of determining the grower perception about t he importance of dry rot on tanier or taro, and the affected rhizome percentage, an interview was des igned and apllied in all provinces from 2008 to 2010. The work included a total of 119 of the 159 municipalities wher e the crop is planted. Based on growers answers, damage caused by this syndrome was identified in 87.82% of the municipalities sampled. When harvesting is developed at the optimun moment 10 to 12 months after planting, rhizomes may show damages between 5 and 20 %. Damage will increase from 21 to 40% if harvesting takes a lo nger period. The origin of planting material and its management constitute one of the main causes for the disease in crement. The average incidence percentage in the country was 23.61% which represent 45.37% in relation to the to tal planted area. The disease incidence occurs mainly in red soils and in summer season

Behavioral study in the early phases of somaclons selected with low height in the plantain hybrid FHIA-21

Banana and plantain (Musa spp.) represent a main crop and a tropical food product on a world level. The present study was carried out in the acclimatization phase with the objective of proving the effectiveness of the selection realized for the height of the plant on plant material that was treated with physical mutagens agent (gamma radiation Co60 source) to induce variability. The treatments used were five (5) somaclons selected previously in the fields with low height, which were multiplied in vitro and were adapted during 45 days, evaluating in this moment various qualitative and quantitative characters. These studies permit the height of the plant as well as the length and width of the leaf to be used as plant selection markers of low height in the early phase in the plantain hybrid FHIA-21. Key words: early detection, musa spp, black sigatok

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Phaseolus vulgaris L. using indirect organogenesis

A protocol for genetic transformation of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. CIAP7247F via Agrobacterium tumefaciens was established. Primary green nodular calli and proliferative calli were used as target explants. Several factors such as Agrobacterium strain, plasmid, light conditions, bacterial concentration, co-cultivation period and type of callus were studied for optimization of the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The highest DNA transfer occurred when proliferative calli were inoculated with strain EHA105 harbouring pCAMBIA3301 plasmid at a density of OD600 = 0.5, and co-cultivated under 16 h light/8 h dark photoperiod for 6 days. The transformation system integrates Agrobacterium-mediated DNA transfer with efficient regeneration via indirect organogenesis, and using the bar gene as selectable marker and glufosinate ammonium (herbicide finale) for callus selection. The proposed system allowed obtaining transgenic lines with Mendelian inheritance of the transgenes, as demonstrated by PCR analyses. These results also validated the effectiveness of a regeneration protocol via indirect organogenesis for regeneration of transformed bean cells. This system constitutes a major initial step for common bean transformation using A. tumefaciens

Use of the mutagenesis to improve the girth of the stem in the somaclon IBP 89-169 of sugarcane

The present work was realized with the aim to improve the somaclon IBP 89-169 selected as highly resistant to the smut of the sugarcane (Ustilago scitaminea Syd) and procedent of the variety Ja 60-5, but imposibilited to the production for to be too much thin. Calli were irradiated with 15 Gy of radiations Gamma obtaining 10 000 individuals, these plants were inoculated with a conidial suspension and were planted to field conditions, the selection was developed twelve months later. One evaluation in five zones of the population was realized before to selection to study the enviroment effect in the variability expresed, this evaluation showed a quite small effect. Twelve individuals with superior values to the 20.0 mm of diemeter of the stem were selected; in the clonal study were obtained three somaclons (IBP 01-14, IBP 02-51 e IBP 36-39) with better tolerance to (U. scitamineae Syd) and girth of the stem than the variety to improve (Ja 60-5). Key words: Saccharum officinarum, selection, Ustilago scitaminea Sy