HETEROGENEOUS LITHOSPHERIC STRUCTURE OF THE FENNOSCANDIAN SHIELD: SEISMIC DATA

A generalization has been obtained based on the data for deep seismic studies on longitudinal DSS profiles (explosion seismology) and seismological evidence found for local and distant earthquakes (earthquake seismology) in the Fennoscandian Shield over the past 40 years. This provided an opportunity to obtaine quantitative data on the horizontal and vertical heterogeneities of the lithosphere. 3D seismological models were first constructed for the individual parts of the Fennoscandian Shield which show that the crystalline crust structure acquires a block hierarchy pattern, with no persistent seismic boundaries found within the entire shield. The upper crust is characterized by the local occurrence of both waveguides and high-velocity zones correlated with geological bodies. The structural plans of the velocity isolines of various deep sections were found to be inconsistent. It has been proved that major geotectonic provinces have a thick crust and that the Early Proterozoic volcanogenic belts are characterized by elevated velocities and a large crustal thickness. In the upper mantle of the Fennoscandian Shield there were identified the layers with anomalously high velocities. No robust evidence was found for a waveguide, which is sometimes related to the concept of the lithosphere

Hadronic Regge Trajectories: Problems and Approaches

We scrutinized hadronic Regge trajectories in a framework of two different models --- string and potential. Our results are compared with broad spectrum of existing theoretical quark models and all experimental data from PDG98. It was recognized that Regge trajectories for mesons and baryons are not straight and parallel lines in general in the current resonance region both experimentally and theoretically, but very often have appreciable curvature, which is flavor-dependent. For a set of baryon Regge trajectories this fact is well described in the considered potential model. The standard string models predict linear trajectories at high angular momenta J with some form of nonlinearity at low J.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures, LaTe

МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ЛИТОСФЕРЫ РЕГИОНА БЕЛОГО МОРЯ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ДЕКОМПОЗИЦИИ АНОМАЛЬНЫХ ГРАВИТАЦИОННОГО И МАГНИТНОГО ПОЛЕЙ

The research area includes the White Sea and adjacent land located in the junction zone of the eastern part of the Fennoscandian Shield and the Russian Plate. The purpose of the study is to construct a model of the lithospheric structure of the region using decomposition of anomalous gravitational and magnetic fields and inverse problem solving for components of gravity and magnetic fields, respectively. The decompositions of the fields were provided by the singular spectral method in the software package "R 4.3.1". The inverse problems were solved using the programs of the "Integro" complex. The components of the fields help to identify and analyze buried geological structures. The rift system of the White Sea is most clearly represented by the fourth component of the gravitational and magnetic fields. The positions of density and magnetic inhomogeneities of the Earth’s crust corresponding the components of the fields have been determined. The component model is compared with the seismic density and magnetic models of the lithosphere along the 3-AР geotraverse (Kem – White Sea Throat).Район исследования включает акваторию Белого моря и прилегающую сушу, находящиеся в зоне сочленения восточной части Фенноскандинавского щита и Русской плиты. Цель исследования – разработка моделей строения литосферы региона с использованием декомпозиции аномальных гравитационного и магнитного полей и решения для компонент обратных задач соответственно грави- и магниторазведки. Декомпозиция поля выполнена методом сингулярного разложения в пакете программ «R 4.3.1». Обратные задачи решены программами комплекса «Интегро». Компоненты помогают выявлять и детально анализировать погребенные геологические структуры. Рифтовая система Белого моря наиболее четко представлена четвертой компонентой гравитационного и магнитного полей. Определены положения плотностных и магнитных неоднородностей земной коры региона, отвечающих компонентам. Выполнено сравнение компонентной модели с сейсмоплотностной и магнитной моделями литосферы по геотраверсу 3-АР (Кемь – Горло Белого моря)

Variability of Active Galactic Nuclei from the Optical to X-ray Regions

Some progress in understanding AGN variability is reviewed. Reprocessing of X-ray radiation to produce significant amounts of longer-wavelength continua seems to be ruled out. In some objects where there has been correlated X-ray and optical variability, the amplitude of the optical variability has exceeded the amplitude of X-ray variability. We suggest that accelerated particles striking material could be linking X-ray and optical variability (as in activity in the solar chromosphere). Beaming effects could be significant in all types of AGN. The diversity in optical/X-ray relationships at different times in the same object, and between different objects, might be explained by changes in geometry and directions of motion relative to our line of sight. Linear shot-noise models of the variability are ruled out; instead there must be large-scale organization of variability. Variability occurs on light-crossing timescales rather than viscous timescales and this probably rules out the standard Shakura-Sunyaev accretion disk. Radio-loud and radio-quiet AGNs have similar continuum shapes and similar variability properties. This suggests similar continuum origins and variability mechanisms. Despite their extreme X-ray variability, narrow-line Seyfert 1s (NLS1s) do not show extreme optical variability.Comment: Invited talk given at Euro Asian Astronomical Society meeting in Moscow, June 2002. 20 pages, 4 figures. References update

Development of Microsatellite Genetic Markers in Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) Based on the De Novo Whole Genome Sequencing

This special issue of the journal is devoted to the outstanding population geneticist Yuri Petrovich Altukhov, who paid much attention in his research to the development of molecular genetic markers for pop- ulation studies. Over the past time markers and methods of their development have undergone significant change. Thanks to modern methods of whole genome sequencing, it has become possible to develop markers of very different types – selectively neutral, as well as functional. Among them, microsatellite markers remain the most informative, convenient, reproducible, relatively inexpensive, and polymorphic. Whole genome sequencing greatly facilitates their discovery and development. This paper is devoted to the development of new microsatellite markers for a very important species of boreal forest – Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.). Using a draft assembly of the larch genome, several thousand contigs containing microsatellite loci with di-, tri, tetra- and pentanucleotide motifs were selected. A total of 59 pairs of PCR primers were tested for loci with dinucleotide motifs as the most variable. From them, 11 pairs were finally selected for 11 loci with dinucleotide repeats, which showed a high level of polymorphism and can be used in various population genetic studies and to identify the origin of wood and plant material. This study was done at the Laboratory of Forest Genomics of the Genome Research and Education Center of the Siberian Federal University with the support of the Department of Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding of the Georg-August University of Göttingen, the Department for Monitoring of Forest Genetic Resources of the Forest Protection Center of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, and the Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Selection of the V. N. Sukachev Institute of Forest of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences within the framework of the project “Genomics of the key boreal forest conifer species and their major phytopathogens in the Russian Federation” funded by the Government of the Russian Federation (grant no. 14.Y26.31.0004)

Current epidemiological situation on Particularly Dangerous Mycoses around the World and Forecast of Its Development

The literature review focuses on epidemiological aspects of the spread of particularly dangerous mycoses across the world (coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, paracoccidioidomycosis). Forecast of morbidity rates for the next few years is provided too. Out of all endemic mycoses, coccidioidomycosis, endemic for North America regions, poses the most dangerous threat. In case of the infection, complications are most likely to arise, including the dissemination of the process in immunocompromised persons. Histoplasmosis is also classed as particularly dangerous mycosis. It affects both humans and animals. It is endemic for North, Central and South America, as well as Asia and Australia. The most studied endemic areas of infection with blastomycosis are in the territory of North America, while paracoccidioidomycosis is endemic for Latin America countries. Analysis of academic publications on particularly dangerous mycoses over the last three years testifies to the increase in their morbidity rates around the world. This situation is associated, primarily, with the increment in the number of immunocompromised subjects. An important stage in the improvement of the agent diagnostics is introduction of advanced methods for early diagnostics of mycoses, in particular, molecular-genetic and genome sequencing tools. It could also allow for the detection of patients beyond the limits of endemic foci

Three-body correlations in direct reactions: Example of 6^{6}Be populated in (p,n)(p,n) reaction

The $^{6}$Be continuum states were populated in the charge-exchange reaction $^1$H($^{6}$Li,$^{6}$Be)$n$ collecting very high statistics data ($\sim 5 \times 10^6$ events) on the three-body $\alpha$+$p$+$p$ correlations. The $^{6}$Be excitation energy region below $\sim 3$ MeV is considered, where the data are dominated by contributions from the $0^+$ and $2^+$ states. It is demonstrated how the high-statistics few-body correlation data can be used to extract detailed information on the reaction mechanism. Such a derivation is based on the fact that highly spin-aligned states are typically populated in the direct reactions.Comment: submitted to Physical Review

НЕОДНОРОДНОЕ СТРОЕНИЕ ЛИТОСФЕРЫ ФЕННОСКАНДИНАВСКОГО ЩИТА ПО СЕЙСМИЧЕСКИМ ДАННЫМ

A generalization has been obtained based on the data for deep seismic studies on longitudinal DSS profiles (explosion seismology) and seismological evidence found for local and distant earthquakes (earthquake seismology) in the Fennoscandian Shield over the past 40 years. This provided an opportunity to obtaine quantitative data on the horizontal and vertical heterogeneities of the lithosphere. 3D seismological models were first constructed for the individual parts of the Fennoscandian Shield which show that the crystalline crust structure acquires a block hierarchy pattern, with no persistent seismic boundaries found within the entire shield. The upper crust is characterized by the local occurrence of both waveguides and high-velocity zones correlated with geological bodies. The structural plans of the velocity isolines of various deep sections were found to be inconsistent. It has been proved that major geotectonic provinces have a thick crust and that the Early Proterozoic volcanogenic belts are characterized by elevated velocities and a large crustal thickness. In the upper mantle of the Fennoscandian Shield there were identified the layers with anomalously high velocities. No robust evidence was found for a waveguide, which is sometimes related to the concept of the lithosphere.По совокупности данных глубинных сейсмических исследований на длинных профилях ГСЗ (сейсмология взрывов), с привлечением материалов сейсмологии местных и удаленных землетрясений (сейсмология землетрясений), накопленных на территории Фенноскандинавского щита за последние сорок лет, сделаны обобщающие построения. Они позволили получить количественные сведения о горизонтальных и вертикальных неоднородностях литосферы. Впервые построены объемные сейсмологические модели для отдельных частей Фенноскандинавского щита, которые показывают, что структура кристаллической коры приобретает блочно-иерархическое фрактальное строение, внутри нее не обнаружено выдержанных сейсмических границ в пределах всего щита. В верхней части коры локально развиты как волноводы, так и высокоскоростные зоны, коррелирующиеся с геологическими телами. Отмечено несоответствие структурных планов изолиний скорости разных глубинных срезов. Доказано, что основные геотектонические провинции отличаются мощностью коры, а вулканогенные раннепротерозойские пояса характеризуются повышенной скоростью и мощностью земной коры. В верхней мантии Фенноскандинавского щита выделены слои с аномально высокой скоростью. Не обнаружен мощный волновод, с которым иногда связывают понятие литосферы