Evaluation of the genome in bird breeding

New technologies determining the DNA sequence of nucleotides have led to the discovery of hundreds of thousands of mononucleotide polymorphic markers, some of which are associated with breeding quality of animals. Developed on the basis of these achievements, genomic selection has produced a revolutionary shift in the poultry industry. The developed molecular marker system provides a unique opportunity to significantly improve the accuracy of estimated breeding values to manage genetic variability, to reduce the interval between generations, and accelerate genetic progress. Genomic breeding in the poultry industry has a number of differences from similar technology used in agricultural mammalian species. The existence of two categories of chromosomes (macro- and microchromosomes) with different rates of recombination, the preferred genomic females evaluation, rapid change of generations make their own features. Technology is introduced rapidly in various sectors of the poultry industry, including broiler production, and is used by major poultry companies. The individual steps of genomic selection need to be improved, and the continuous improvement of technology can be attained though its use in practical and scientific. The improvement of the separate stages of genome selection will be helped by perfection of registration and mathematical treatment of the phenotypical and molecular database, imputation and estimations of linkage disequilibrium

Structuring of Surface Films Formed on Magnesium in Hot Chlorobenzotriazole Vapors

Chamberprotection of metals from atmospheric corrosion is a variety of vapor-phase inhibition. It is based on the effect of adsorption films formed in the vapors of low-volatile corrosion inhibitors at elevated temperatures. The paper analyzes the specific features of the chamber protection of a magnesium alloy with chlorobenzotriazole. It has been found that the protective properties of surface films formed in hot vapors of this compound increase upon exposure of the metal to air. The processes of structuring of protective films that occur in this case have been studied by a set of corrosion, electrochemical and physical methods. It has been shown that chamber treatment of the alloy is accompanied by chlorobenzotriazole adsorption and uniform thickening of the surface oxide-hydroxide layer. In this case, the corrosion processes slow down by a factor of up to 10. Prolonged exposure of the samples in air after the chamber treatment results in additional oxidation of magnesium and hydroxylation of the oxide. However, the oxide-hydroxide layer does not grow on the entire surface, but as separate islets. Such a change in the structure of the surface films results in an additional 10-fold increase in the corrosion resistance of the magnesium alloy