Accounting for the human when designing with AI : challenges identified

Now that the application of Artificial Intelligence (Al) is becoming more mainstream, it is applied in many different fields, and consequently, it is starting to play a more prominent role in design processes. In current mainstream HCI (Human-Computer Interaction) design frameworks, the human (or user) is seen as the main focus, and stakeholders' perspectives are taken into account throughout the whole problem-solving process to design thoughtful solutions. The increased complexity of design processes caused by the rise of Al, however, poses new challenges to these existing approaches, particularly for involving the human in the design process. Five challenges that can be of influence on accounting for the human in design processes involving Al are identified and elaborated upon: 1) insufficient Al literacy of designers and users, 2) the black-box nature of neural networks, 3) where to start: design vs data, 4) customized solutions for narrow user segments, and 5) thinking ahead: an extended collaborative design process. These challenges arise across the exploration, design, implementation, evaluation, and deployment phases. This extended abstract discusses possible approaches per challenge on how to warrant integration of the human perspective

Love your city! An interactive platform empowering citizens to turn the public domain into a participatory domain

In the past years, governments have recognized the potential of interactive technology to bridge the gap with citizens. The right tools and guidance could enhance citizenship and enable co-creation between citizens and (local) governments. However, this opportunity does not automatically lead to a participatory practice. In the current article, we introduce six participation parameters, i.e., certainty, communication, freedom, responsibility, sympathy and support, to guide the design of a means that facilitates people to participate and co-create with other citizens and local government. We describe and reflect upon these parameters and the resulting ‘Love your city’ concept. An interactive platform that allows and empowers citizens to personally tackle issues they encounter in their direct environment, with the aim to contribute to a participatory domain.Industrial DesignIndustrial Design Engineerin

Participatory data gathering for public sector reuse: lessons learned from traditional initiatives

Local governments are increasingly looking for new ways to involve citizens in policy and decision-making, for example by combining public sector data sources with data gathered by citizens. Several examples exist of data gathering where personal mobile devices act as data collectors. While these efforts illustrate the technical capability of data sourcing, they neglect the value of local knowledge where people use their senses to capture and interpret data. Traditional data gathering initiatives, however, exploit this local knowledge to inform policy makers, e.g., neighborhood policing. To understand data gathering processes of these traditional data gathering initiatives, three cases are examined. We analyze these cases, focusing on the various elements they contain, concluding how digital data gathering can be informed by these traditional variants, concerning what the benefits of using digital means can be for data gathering and how traditional initiatives ensure data re-use by the public sector

Emergent technologies in mixed and multimethod research: incorporating mobile technologies

This chapter presents an overview of the developments and potentials of mobile technologies and their major impact on society and the daily activities of individuals. The increase of sensors embedded in everyday objects enable these objects to sense the environment and communicate. This creates new possibilities to gather and process large amounts of data. We show how these opportunities can trigger a paradigm shift in the social sciences. Social scientists no longer collect data but use data that is available and collected for other reasons. These data will vary in validity and quality. It can come from sensors in personal mobile devices, smart environments, or social infrastructures. This asks a strong interpretive approach from multimethod- and mixed methods researches to harness these data

De toekomst is open: Rotterdam Open Data in onderzoek en praktijk

Het idee om overheidsdata vrij beschikbaar te stellen aan de samenleving is relatief nieuw en heeft een groot innovatief potentieel. Rotterdam speelt in op internationale bewegingen om informatie uit de publieke sector vrij te geven als open data. Om dit proces in gang te zetten en te bespoedigen heeft de Hogeschool Rotterdam samen met een aantal gemeentelijke clusters en afdelingen het onderzoeksproject ‘Professionals Supported – Rotterdam Open Data’ (PSROD) opgezet. Dit project verkent de drempels en kansen van data ontsluiting binnen de gemeente Rotterdam. Het is een praktijkgericht onderzoeksproject, dat niet alleen streeft naar het vergaren en ontwikkelen van kennis, maar ook naar het daadwerkelijk ontsluiten van data. De Hogeschool, gemeente en bedrijven hebben open data in Rotterdam de laatste jaren gezamenlijk op de rails gezet, met projecten als PS-ROD en ROD(S) 2.0. Dit boek toont de resultaten van PS-ROD, aangevuld net interviews met en tekstuele bijdragen van betrokkenen

A study of preventing email (spear) phishing by enabling human intelligence

Cyber criminals use phishing emails in high-volume and spear phishing emails in low volume to achieve their malicious objectives. Hereby they inflict financial, reputational, and emotional damages on individuals and organizations. These (spear) phishing attacks get steadily more sophisticated as cyber criminals use social engineering tricks that combine psychological and technical deceptions to make malicious emails as trustworthy as possible. Such sophisticated (spear) phishing emails are hard for email protection systems to detect. Security researchers have studied users' ability to perceive, identify and react upon email (spear) phishing attacks. In this study we have surveyed recent works on understanding how to prevent end-users from falling for email (spear) phishing attacks. Based on the survey we design and propose a novice method that combines interaction methods of reporting, blocking, warning, and embedded education to harness the intelligence of expert and novice users in a corporate environment in detecting email (spear) phishing attacks. We evaluate the design based on a qualitative study, in three experimental steps, by using a mockup prototype, and with 24 participants. We report on the insights gained, indicating that the proposed combination of the interaction methods is promising, and on future research directions

Sociable Smart Cities: Rethinking Our Future through Co-creative Partnerships

The challenges of tomorrow’s society demand new ways of innovation – a shift in thinking, doing and organising. It requires releasing existing paradigms, changing perspectives and doing things differently. In the current work, we envision a sociable smart city that enables transforming society into a more participative domain where participatory innovation takes place. A city that combines best a two worlds; on the one hand, a social city that is people-centred, values active citizenship and embraces community-driven innovation, and, on the other, a smart city that welcomes the possibility of Future Internet and related technology-driven innovations, such as Open Data, Internet of Things and Living Labs offer. The biggest challenges cities face is not the technology, but having an open mindset and a participatory attitude to rethink our future is far more challenging