Recombination and Decay of Plasma Produced by Washer Stacked Plasma Gun inside a Curved Vacuum Chamber

This paper presents the recombination coefficient of the plasma blob is calculated by measuring the electron density ne of the order of 1018m-3 and time (~μs) to move a particular distance.A washer stacked plasma gun is designed to produce high density plasma blob which is moving with speed~104 m/s. As the blob moves radially outward the particle density as well as drift velocity of the blob decreases. Since both charged and neutral components are present in the blob, the recombination may play a dominant role for the blob motion. It has been observed that the recombination co-efficient α (~ 10 -12 m3s-1) is almost constant across radial distance from gun mouth and in that spatial length the electron-excited molecular collisional ionization is negligible, so two body recombination is dominant

Increased Expression of the Δ133p53β Isoform Enhances Brain Metastasis

The Δ133p53β isoform is increased in many primary tumors and has many tumor-promoting properties that contribute to increased proliferation, migration and inflammation. Here we investigated whether Δ133p53β contributed to some of the most aggressive tumors that had metastasized to the brain. Δ133p53β mRNA expression was measured in lung, breast, melanoma, colorectal metastases and, where available, the matched primary tumor. The presence of Δ133p53β expression was associated with the time for the primary tumor to metastasize and overall survival once the tumor was detected in the brain. Δ133p53β was present in over 50% of lung, breast, melanoma and colorectal metastases to the brain. It was also increased in the brain metastases compared with the matched primary tumor. Brain metastases with Δ133p53β expressed were associated with a reduced time for the primary tumor to metastasize to the brain compared with tumors with no Δ133p53β expression. In-vitro-based analyses in Δ133p53β-expressing cells showed increased cancer-promoting proteins on the cell surface and increased downstream p-AKT and p-MAPK signaling. Δ133p53β-expressing cells also invaded more readily across a mock blood–brain barrier. Together these data suggested that Δ133p53β contributes to brain metastases by making cells more likely to invade the brain