3 research outputs found
Consideration of NDVI thematic changes in density analysis and floristic composition of Wadi Yalamlam, Saudi Arabia
Wadi Yalamlam is
known as one of the significant wadis in the west of Saudi Arabia. It is a
very important water source for the western region of the country. Thus, it
supplies the holy places in Mecca and the surrounding areas with drinking
water. The floristic composition of Wadi Yalamlam has not been
comprehensively studied. For that reason, this work aimed to assess the wadi
vegetation cover, life-form presence, chorotype, diversity, and community
structure using temporal remote sensing data. Temporal datasets spanning
4Â years were acquired from the Landsat 8 sensor in 2013 as an early
acquisition and in 2017 as a late acquisition to estimate normalized
difference vegetation index (NDVI) changes. The wadi was divided into seven
stands. Stands 7, 1, and 3 were the richest with the highest Shannon index
values of 2.98, 2.69, and 2.64, respectively. On the other hand, stand 6 has
the least plant biodiversity with a Shannon index of 1.8. The study also
revealed the presence of 48 different plant species belonging to 24 families.
Fabaceae (17 %) and Poaceae (13 %) were the main families that form
most of the vegetation in the study area, while many families were
represented by only 2 % of the vegetation of the wadi. NDVI analysis
showed that the wadi suffers from various types of degradation of the
vegetation cover along with the wadi main stream.</p
International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortiu (INICC) report, data summary of 43 countries for 2007-2012. Device-associated module
We report the results of an International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2007-December 2012 in 503 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. During the 6-year study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) U.S. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care–associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 605,310 patients hospitalized in the INICC's ICUs for an aggregate of 3,338,396 days. Although device utilization in the INICC's ICUs was similar to that reported from ICUs in the U.S. in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals: the pooled rate of central line–associated bloodstream infection in the INICC's ICUs, 4.9 per 1,000 central line days, is nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.9 per 1,000 central line days reported from comparable U.S. ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher (16.8 vs 1.1 per 1,000 ventilator days) as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (5.5 vs 1.3 per 1,000 catheter days). Frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (42.8% vs 10%) and imipenem (42.4% vs 26.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (71.2% vs 28.8%) and imipenem (19.6% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC's ICUs compared with the ICUs of the CDC's NHSN