ROOFING ASSESSMENT FOR ROOFTOP RAINWATER HARVESTING ADOPTION USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS APPROACH

Rooftop rainwater harvesting refers to the collection and storage of water from rooftops whereby the quality of harvested rainwater depend on the types of roof and the environmental conditions. This system is capable to support the water supply in almost any place either as a sole source or by reducing stress on other sources through water savings. Remote sensing and GIS have been widely used in urban environmental analysis. Thus, this study aimed to develop the roofing layer in order to assess the potential area for rooftop rainwater harvesting adoption by integrating remote sensing and GIS approach. An urban area containing various urban roofing materials and characteristics was selected. High resolution satellite imagery acquired from WorldView-3 satellite systems with 0.3 m of spatial resolution was used in order to obtain spectral and spatial information of buildings and roofs. For quality assessment, the physical and chemical parameters of the rooftop harvested rainwater were performed according to the Standard Tests for Water and Wastewater. The potential area for rooftop rainwater harvesting adoption can be identified with the detail information of the rooftops and quality assessment in geospatial environment

Comparative Studies Between Porous Silicon And Porous P-Type Gallium Nitride Prepared Using Alternating Current Photo-Assisted Electrochemical Etching Technique

Porous n-type Si and porous p-type GaN nanostructures were fabricated using alternating current photo-assisted electrochemical (ACPEC) etching in 1:4 volume ratio of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and ethanol (C2H5OH) for a duration of 30 minutes. The aim of this work is to study pore formation on the Si and p-GaN substrates in the aspects of morphological and structural changes. The morphological and structural properties of porous Si and porous p-type GaN samples have been studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) measurement, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HR-XRD) in comparison to the respective as-grown sample. FESEM analysis revealed that uniform pore size with triangular-like shape was formed in porous Si sample while circular-like shape pores were formed in the porous p-type GaN sample. AFM measurement revealed that the root-meansquare surface roughness of porous Si and porous p-GaN was 6.15 nm and 5.90 nm, respectively. Detailed investigation will be presented in this work to show that ACPEC etching technique is a viable technique to produce porous nanostructures in different substrates

Preparation of porous Si (100) for overgrown cubic layer: morphological investigation

A number of n-type Si (100) samples were prepared into porous structures via electrochemical etching process, using an electrolyte solution; HF and ethanol. The morphological properties of the samples were observed under scanning electron microscope measurement. The results showed that the pore density, pore uniformity distribution and pore size of the porous Si samples increased with time of etching. In the next stage, H2O2 was introduced into the electrolyte solution in order to investigate its effect on the morphological properties of the porous Si. From the experiment, we found that H2O2 gave finer porous structure with highly symmetrical cubic shape on the surface. Besides, H2O2 promoted smoother surface of the pore walls. Hence, the results showed that such porous Si structure could be used as a better substrate for the subsequent layer, in particular for the growth of cubic material

Improment in Mechanical Properties Plain Low Carbon Steel Via Cold Rolling and Intercritical Annealing

AbstractIn this paper, a simple modified process is introduced to improve the mechanical properties of plain low carbon steel. The plain low carbon steel sheet with mainly ferrite and minor amount of pearlite starting microstructure was simply cold-rolled to a reduction of 50% and subsequently intercritical annealed at various temperatures. The specimen intercritical annealed at 850°C revealed dual phase ferrite-martensite and exhibited excellent mechanical properties when compared to specimens intercritical annealed at 800°C and 750°C, as well as the as-received specimen

Properties of Porous InGaNbased Hydrogen Gas Sensor

The research of porous Ill-Nitrides has drawn much attention in the past years. This is due to porous Ill-Nitrides excellent properties such as high surface area to volume ratio, the shift of band gap and efficient luminescence which makes the porous Ill-Nitrides become attractive for the application in optoelectronics and sensing devices. In this work, the development of gas sensors based on PtSchottky contact on porous lnGaN for hydrogen gas sensing ispresented. Porous lnGaN samples were successfully fabricated by UV-assisted electrochemical etching in a diluted solution of KOH. ,........._ From the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) image, the porous lnGaN sample exhibited rough surface morphology with a high density of pores. Subsequently, for the fabrication of gas sensors, Schottky contacts of using platinum (Pt) that acted as catalytic layer were deposited on as-grown and porous lnGaN samples. The effects of porous structure on the performance of the hydrogen gas sensor was investigated. The PUporous lnGaN gas sensor showed higher sensitivity than the as-grown lnGaN gas sensor upon introduction to 0.1% H2 in N2 at room temperature. The high sensitivity of porous gas sensor was due to thehigh surface to volume ratio of the porous structure. The high sensitivity of hydrogen gas sensor is required to make sure the safety of people, property and environment whenever hydrogen gas is consumed

The association between elder abuse and childhood adversity: A study of older adults in Malaysia

Objectives Childhood adversity has been linked with later victimization of young and middle-aged adults, but few studies have shown persistence of this effect among elders, especially outside of North America. This research examined the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and elder abuse among older adults aged 60 years and over in Malaysia. Design Cross sectional data were collected via face-to-face interview from June to August 2019. Setting Eight government community health clinics in Kuala Pilah, a district in Negeri Sembilan state approximately 100km from Malaysian capital city Kuala Lumpur. Participants Older adults aged 60 years and above (N = 1984; Mean age 69.2, range 60–93 years) attending all eight government health clinics in the district were recruited for a face-to-face interview about health and well-being. Measurement The Adverse Childhood Experience International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) and the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS) were utilized to estimate childhood adversity and elder abuse respectively. Results Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between the number of cumulative ACEs and elder abuse. Compared to older adults with no self-reported adversity, those reporting three ACEs (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.84,3.87) or four or more ACEs (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.16, 2.48) had higher risk of any elder abuse occurrence since age 60 years. The effect was most prominent for financial and psychological elder abuse. The associations persisted in multivariate logistic regression models after adjusting for sociodemographic and health factors. Conclusion Early life adversities were significantly associated with victimization of older adults. Social and emotional support to address elder abuse should recognize that, for some men and women, there is a possibility that vulnerability to maltreatment persisted throughout their life course.</p

Impact of blended learning open source science or math studies interactive video in the learning of first law of thermodynamics

Thermodynamics is one of the most challenging course for students as it contains many physical concepts and abstract scientific principle that were less familiar among them. Blended Learning Open Source Science or Math Studies (BLOSSOMS) approach, developed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) as a framework for blended learning, was used to design the lesson for teaching energy conversion in Thermodynamics. This research used quasi experimental design, where two groups of students from the Faculty of Chemical Engineering in UTM taking Thermodynamics course were investigated: A Treatment group that used the Energy Conversion BLOSSOMS video in the Thermodynamics class, and a Control group that used conventional lecture style. Students from both classes were given a pre and a post test on energy conversion concept inventory to compare their achievement in thermodynamics before and after the learning of thermodynamics in class. The collected data were analysed using SPSS version 22. Findings had shown that the video has slight effect on the students' achievement in the inventory test on Thermodynamics Energy Conversion in Generating Electricity