ROLE OF CYTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF PRETERM BIRTH

Currently, the existence of a wide range of subpopulations of CD8+T-lymphocytes has been revealed, among which there are subpopulations of naive and effector cells, as well as memory cells. CD8+T-lymphocytes are thought to be a population of lymphocytes with high cytotoxic activity, which is of extreme importance during pregnancy. Given that each subpopulation is characterized by a set of produced mediators, surface and intracellular markers, we can assume their role in the pathogenesis of preterm birth. This determined the need to investigate the role of naive cells, effector cells, and memory cells in the development of spontaneous preterm birth. Data on the content of naive CD8+-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of women with threatened preterm birth are practically absent. It was found that the infiltration of CD8+-lymphocytes in the area of uteroplacental contact was associated with the development of timely delivery. Chronic chorioamnionitis is the most common condition in idiopathic preterm birth and is characterized by the infiltration of maternal CD8+Tcells into the chorioamniotic membranes. Currently, it is believed that chronic inflammatory lesions of the placenta represent maternal antifetal rejection. This led to the study of the role of these cells in the pathogenesis of preterm birth. Purpose. To establish a possible pathogenetic mechanism of preterm birth in women with threatened preterm birth on the basis of the revealed features of differentiation and functional activity of CD8+- lymphocytes at the systemic levelMaterials and methods. The survey of women was carried out on the basis of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “V. Gorodkov Ivanovo Research Institute of Maternity and Childhood” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. A total of 126 women were examined, which were retrospectively divided into 2 main groups – women with threatened preterm birth(n = 68), which was divided into 2 subgroups – with the outcome of pregnancy preterm birth (n = 30) and timely delivery (n = 38). The control group included 58 women with uncomplicated pregnancy and who gave birth on time. In the CD8+-lymphocyte population, the content of central – Tcm (CD45RACD62L+), preterminally differentiated-Tem (CD45RACD62L- ) and terminally differentiated-Temra (CD45RA+CD62L- ) memory cells was determined. In all memory cell populations, the content of cells producing Granzyme B intracellularly was determined. The studies were performed using monoclonal antibodies (mAT) by flow cytometry on a FACSCanto II cytometer using the FACSDiva software (Becton Dickinson, USA).The analysis of the features of the relative content of CD8+-lymphocytes in the main group of women, depending on the outcome of pregnancy, was carried out. When comparing patients with a clinic of threatened preterm birth, whose pregnancy ended prematurely, a higher content of CD8+-lymphocytes was revealed than in group c of women who gave birth in a timely manner, which indicates a high stimulation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in this group of women. With threatening preterm birth, there is an increase in the content of naive CD8+-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. Data on the content of naive CD8+-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of women with threatened preterm birth are practically absent. The increase in CD8+Tn levels is more pronounced in the subgroup of women with a favorable pregnancy outcome. Given this fact, it can be assumed that in women with preterm birth, a lower CD8+Tn is associated with their increased differentiation into effector T-lymphocytes with their subsequent migration to the placental zone. This process could determine the observed decrease in the level of terminally differentiated granzyme-producing CD8+-lymphocytes in a subgroup of women with a pregnancy outcome of preterm birth, which coincided with the literature data

ECOLOGICAL GEOINFORMATION SYSTEMS AS A TOOL FOR ANALYSIS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TERRITORY OF KIZILYURT CITY

Astract. Aim. Research of ecological and geochemical pollution of soils of Kizilyurt city with use of GIS for an assessment of an ecological condition of an urban area as indicator of a sustainable development. Methods. Investigation in field conditions and by methods of chemical analyses of tests of soil samples. Laboratory and analytical researches are executed by using of the standard techniques on the nuclear and absorbing spectrophotometer. Mathematical and statistical methods are applied. Ecological maps and relational Databases are constructed by using of GIS-technologies. Results. The analysis of results of urban soils on the content of heavy metals showed that the greatest contribution to complex pollution of soils of the city is made by lead. The raised content of lead in soils of the city proves the fact of that the soil is the long-term concentrator of pollyutants. Distribution of lead pollution speaks from positions of intensity of an automobile stream. Data on the content of lead in soils of an urban soils indicate essential dispersion of indicators of a mobile form (from 18 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg). Excess is observed not only in comparison with the background contents, also repeatedly (from 3rd to 16 times) indicators of maximum permissible concentration of lead are exceeded. Zc values vary from values 7,2 to 12,1 in various points of the city depending on an arrangement in relation to highways or the industrial enterprises. Main conclusions. On a estimating scale of pollution danger of Kizilyurt soil treat category "moderately dangerous" and "dangerous" pollution by heavy metals. The ecological assessment of city soils shows an adverse and dangerous situation for population health. The relational Database of environmental monitoring of natural and technogenic systems on the example of Kizilyurt city is created. According to an ecological and geochemical assessment digital geoinformation cartographical models of a condition of an urban area are constructed

EKOLOGYCAL AND GEOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT URBAN SOILS ON THE KASPIYSK

In this article we studied the features of ekological and geochemical pollution by heavy metals урбаноземов Kaspiysk are investigated. The card of total pollution of soils of an urban area is made

ANALYSIS OF A MIRNA SET (MIR-21, -181A, AND -146A) AS A METHOD OF DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF THYROID NODULES

Introduction. In clinical practice, differential diagnosis of nodular thyroid diseases poses a serious problem which can be solved by development of new, safe, and specific thyroid tumor markers. Small regulatory RNAs (microRNA, miRNA) are a class of molecules that control gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. miRNAs, both intracellular and secreted into the extracellular space, can be used as markers of various diseases, including cancer. Stability of extracellular miRNAs is determined by binding to proteins and lipoproteins, or by “packing” into membrane microvesicles – exosomes. It is considered that exosomes with specific miRNA content are a result of active and biologically significant secretion, while release of other forms of miRNA is associated with apoptotic or necrotic cell death. This determines diagnostic value of exosomal fraction of circulating miRNAs, which may reflect presence or clinically significant properties of a tumor.The study objective was to explore a method of exosomal miRNA isolation, identify marker miRNAs, and estimate diagnostic value of their analysis.Methods. We used serum samples from 57 patients with nodular thyroid diseases and 13 healthy donors. Exosomes were isolated from serum by ultracentrifugation and analyzed by atomic force microscopy, laser correlation spectroscopy, and western blotting. Analysis of exosomal miRNAs was carried out by RT-PCR.Results. We have identified a specific correlation between certain miRNAs and status of thyroid nodular disease. Expression profiles of three miRNAs (miRNA-21,  miRNA-146a,  and miRNA-181a) exhibited specific characteristics for different forms of nodular thyroid disease and their analysis may have diagnostic value.Conclusions. Exosomes isolated by ultracentrifugation from serum are a source of RNA suitable for subsequent analysis of miRNA. The levels of different miRNAs in serum exosomes may differ by 1–2 times. «Marker» exosomal miRNAs have specific profiles in circulating exosomes of patients with different thyroid nodules. Clinical significance of testing exosomal miRNAs in patients with benign and malignant nodules of the thyroid gland can be increased by a parallel assessment of several molecules and analysis of the profile of their representation in exosomes. MiRNA-181a, -146a, and -21 form a diagnostic combination of «marker» molecules present in the circulating exosomes, which can be extended and used for diagnosis (differential diagnosis) of thyroid nodules

ANALYSIS RESULTS OF COMBINED TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH VERIFIED CANCER OF THE CERVICAL ESOPHAGUS AND HYPOPHARYNX WITH THE APPLICATION OF SURGICAL TREATMENT WITH ONE-STAGE DEFECT’S PLASTIC

In the treatment of many unresolved issues, indicating the need for research aimed at finding more effective treatment approaches. The aim of the study is to analyze the results of combined treatment of patients with widespread forms of cancer of the cervical esophagus and hypopharynx with the application of surgical treatment in the amount of pharyngolaryngitis with single-step plastic of the defect. A retrospective analysis of results of combined treatment of 28 patients with a verified diagnosis of cancer of the cervical esophagus and hypopharynx. Combined treatment of patients with cancer of the cervical esophagus and hypopharynx included the following treatments: induction chemoradiotherapy according to the scheme cisplatin/5-fluorouracil, external beam radiation therapy 65 Gy, brachytherapy (7 Gy 1 time per week, 3 sessions), surgical treatment with one-stage plastic of the esophagus. In 7 patients (25 %) was achieved complete regression on the background of induction chemotherapy, 21 patients (75 %) received the treatment in full. Postoperative mortality rate was of 9.52 %, post-operative complications such as anastomosis dehiscence – 19 %

Analysis results of combined treatment of patients with verified cancer of the cervical esophagus and hypopharynx with the application of surgical treatment with one-stage defect’s plastic

In the treatment of many unresolved issues, indicating the need for research aimed at finding more effective treatment approaches. The aim of the study is to analyze the results of combined treatment of patients with widespread forms of cancer of the cervical esophagus and hypopharynx with the application of surgical treatment in the amount of pharyngolaryngitis with single-step plastic of the defect. A retrospective analysis of results of combined treatment of 28 patients with a verified diagnosis of cancer of the cervical esophagus and hypopharynx. Combined treatment of patients with cancer of the cervical esophagus and hypopharynx included the following treatments: induction chemoradiotherapy according to the scheme cisplatin/5-fluorouracil, external beam radiation therapy 65 Gy, brachytherapy (7 Gy 1 time per week, 3 sessions), surgical treatment with one-stage plastic of the esophagus. In 7 patients (25 %) was achieved complete regression on the background of induction chemo-therapy, 21 patients (75 %) received the treatment in full. Postoperative mortality rate was of 9.52 %, post-operative complications such as anastomosis dehiscence – 19 %