98 research outputs found
Toponymic picture of scotland: Thesaurus approach
Today proper names are studied by linguists, geographers, historians, ethnographers, culturologists, lingvistic study of the country experts, literary critics. The toponymy helps to restore lines of the historical past, to define moving borders, to outline areas of former distribution of languages. The increasing attention is paid to the description of a toponymic picture of certain regions, in this case Scotland. In this regard, there is a problem of development of a technique of introduction of regional approach to studying of toponymics. Thesaurus approach is the important direction of system studying of toponyms. Classification of macrotoponyms and microtoponyms, classification of toponymic nicknames and figurative names, classifications according to a structural-grammatical, morphological principle are presented in the article
8-Hydroxy-5-nitroquinoline as a C-nucleophilic reagent in the reaction of C, C-coupling with quinazoline
The first example of the reaction of 5-nitro-8-hydroxyquinoline as a C-nucleophile with quinazoline is described. As a result of the reaction of C, C-coupling, a stable Ο-adduct containing the drug nitroxalin on a heterocyclic carrier was obtained. The structure of the resulting adduct was confirmed by 2D 1H-13C HSQC, 1H-13C HMBC, and 1H-15N HMBC spectra
Gradients of Taxonomic Diversity among Local Floras in the Russian Arctic
Latitudinal and longitudinal changes in taxonomic variables were analyzed in 319 local floras in the Russian Arctic. Within the studied segment of latitudinal gradient, most changes can be described in terms of linear regression with negative coefficients (a number of species, genera and families), or positive coefficients (a proportion of the leading families and genera). However, the mean number of species in a family or genus almost does not change with increasing latitude, although it slightly increases as one moves eastward. The proportion of monocots does not correlate with latitude, but slightly decreases as one moves eastward. Proportions of various families change asynchronously. Although correlation with longitude was less pronounced, mean species richness was specific to many subprovinces, even within a certain subzone. These differences reflect both the diversity of landscapes and the history of flora formation.
Keywords: the Arctic, local floras, latitudinal and longitudinal gradient, floristic subprovince
New opportunities for the synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives
Received: 21.01.2019. Accepted: 12.02.2019. Published: 29.03.2019.Convenient methods for the synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives with the use of nucleophilic aromatic substitution of hydrogen in heteroaromatic part of molecule in conditions of the acid catalysis were elaborated. The reactions of substitution of fluorine with amines in aromatic ring of 6,7-difluoroquinoxaline with the formation of monofluoro derivatives were studied.The research was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant: 18β33β00727 mol_a, grant: 18β03β00715 A) and the Russian Science Foundation (project 18β13β00161)
ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ― ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠΠ Π¦ΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π£Π‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ€ΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ Π£ ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ¨ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ‘Π’Π
The results of a laboratory examination of 520 children aged 1β3 years are presented. The examination was conducted to determine the DNA of cytomegalovirus in children with acute cytomegalovirus infection in various biological media by polymerase chain reaction. The differences in the virus sheddingΒ into the blood, saliva, and urine are established: the median of the viral load for saliva is 4.9 lg copies of DNA/ml, the blood 3.4 lg copies of DNA/ml, urine β 3.85 lg copies of DNA/ml. The cut of extreme values of the viral load are determined with the help of mathematical modeling which determine the clinical probability of developing acute CMV infection which allows for more accurate and timely assignment of etiotropic therapy.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ 520 Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ 1β3 Π»Π΅Ρ. ΠΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΒ ΠΠΠ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π³Π°Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ° Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Ρ
, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π³Π°Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠ·Π°.Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Ρ, ΡΠ»ΡΠ½Ρ, ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΡ: ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π½Π° Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ 4,9 lg ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΉ ΠΠΠ/ΠΌΠ», ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ β 3,4 lg ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΉ ΠΠΠ/ΠΌΠ», ΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΒ β 3,85 lg ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΉ ΠΠΠ/ΠΌΠ». Π‘ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Β«ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅Β» Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅Β ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π¦ΠΠΠ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ
ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π³Π°Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ
The aim. of the study is to optimize the Iaboratory diagnosis of cytomegaIovirus infection in chiIdren by finding cIinicaI and Iaboratory predictors corresponding to the acute stage of infection.MateriaIs and methods. The resuIts of 65 chiIdren age from 1 to 3 years outpatient of with cytomegaIovirus mono-nucIeosis are presented. Markers of herpes virus infections (CMV, EBV, HHV-6 type) were determined by PCR-reaI time (bIood, saIiva) and seroIogicaIIy (IgM, IgG).ResuIts. It has been estabIished. that acute cytomegaIovirus infection can occur both, in the form of infectious mononu-cIeosis and. be atypicaI accompanied, by proIonged fever and. severe Iymphadenopathy in most cases. Indirect Iaboratory markers of acute cytomegaIovirus infection are neutropenia and. hypoimmunogIobuIinemia IgA and. IgG. Acute cytomeg-aIovirus infection is accompanied by the virus shedding in both bIood and saIiva in aImost aII patients and the median vaIues of the viraI Ioad are different: 3,9 Ig DNA copies / mI for bIood, 4,9 Ig DNA copies / ml for saIiva. Using mathemati-caI modeIing, the βcut off" vaIue of viraI Ioad. for saIiva was determined, to be 4,1 Ig DNA copies / mI corresponding to 65.0% of the probabiIity of deveIoping acute CMV infection.ConcIusion. The study made it possibIe to substantiate the aIgorithm. for diagnosing acute cytomegaIovirus infection. in young chiIdren which. incIudes the most significant cIinicaI Iaboratory predictors, as weII as the caIcuIated. βcut off" vaIue of viraI Ioad. for saIiva equaI to 4,1 Ig DNA copies / mI. Determining the viraI Ioad in the saIiva of patients can be used, as an additionaI diagnostic criterion for the atypicaI form of acute cytomegaIovirus infection.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ: ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π³Π°Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ: ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ, ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ, Π°ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ»Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ 65 Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π³Π°Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ-ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ. Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡ. 1 Π΄ΠΎ 3 Π»Π΅Ρ.. ΠΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΡ. Π³Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ-Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ (Π¦ΠΠ, ΠΠΠ, ΠΠΠ§-6 ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°) ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ¦Π -reaI time (ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Ρ, ΡΠ»ΡΠ½Π°) ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ (IgM, IgG).Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ: ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅-Π³Π°Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠ·Π°, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π±ΡΡΡ Π°ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π². ΠΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π³Π°Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎ-Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡ IgA ΠΈ IgG. ΠΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π³Π°Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Ρ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ, Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π½ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½Ρ: Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ 3,9 Ig ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΉ ΠΠΠ/ΠΌΠ», Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΠ½Ρ. β 4,9 Ig ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΉ ΠΠΠ/ΠΌΠ». Π‘ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Β«ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Β» Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΠ½Ρ., ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ 4,1I g ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΉ ΠΠΠ/ΠΌΠ», ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ 65,0% Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π¦ΠΠΠ.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅: ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌ, Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π³Π°Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ««поΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Β» Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΠ½Ρ, ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ 4,1 Ig ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΉ ΠΠΠ/ΠΌΠ». ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π°ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π³Π°Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ
The absolute abundance calibration project: the <i>Lycopodium</i> marker-grain method put to the test
Traditionally, dinoflagellate cyst concentrations are calculated by adding an exotic marker or βspikeβ (such as Lycopodium clavatum) to each sample following the method of Stockmarr (1971). According to Maher (1981), the total error is controlled mainly by the error on the count of Lycopodium clavatum spores. In general, the more L. clavatum spores counted, the lower the error. A dinocyst / L. clavatum spore ratio of ~2 will give optimal results in terms of precision and time spent on a sample. It has also been proven that the use of the aliquot method yields comparable results to the marker-grain method (de Vernal et al., 1987). Critical evaluation of the effect of different laboratory procedures on the marker grain concentration in each sample has never been executed. Although, it has been reported that different processing methods (e.g. ultrasonication, oxidizing, etc.) are to a certain extent damaging to microfossils (e.g. Hodgkinson, 1991), it is not clear how this is translated into concentration calculations. It is wellknown from the literature that concentration calculations of dinoflagellate cysts from different laboratories are hard to resolve into a consistent picture. The aim of this study is to remove these inconsistencies and to make recommendations for the use of a standardized methodology. Sediment surface samples from four different localities (North Sea, Celtic Sea, NW Africa and Benguela) were macerated in different laboratories each using its own palynological maceration technique. A fixed amount of Lycopodium clavatum tablets was added to each sample. The uses of different preparation methodologies (sieving, ultrasonicating, oxidizing β¦) are compared using both concentrations β calculated from Lycopodium tablets - and relative abundances (more destructive methods will increase the amount of resistant taxa). Additionally, this study focuses on some important taxonomic issues, since obvious interlaboratorial differences in nomenclature are recorded
ΠΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ, Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ
Introduction. The problem of localization of moving objects inside buildings becomes more urgent in healthcare. Tracking the movements of patients in real time allows one to provide them with timely medical support in case of sharp deterioration in their vital signs. It is especially important to track the location of patients undergoing a surgery, since the risk of death due to postoperative complications for them is extremely high. Using indoor-positioning technologies in telemedicine systems can solve the problem, thereby reducing the mortality rate of patients and improving the quality of medical care.Aim. To study the applicability of magnetometry, inertial and acoustic technologies for patientβs localization in a hospital.Materials and methods. The analysis of domestic and foreign scientific sources devoted to indoor-positioning based on the above technologies was carried out. Material published not earlier than 2016, was chosen for the analysis. Most of the papers were published in journals with impact-factor not lower than 3.Results. After analyzing the information received, it was concluded that none of the technologies can be used independently. Inertial sensors possess high accuracy, but over time, the measurement error increases. There-fore, the sensors need to regular correction. Indoor-positioning based on geomagnetism is hampered by interference that can be induced by the operation of magnetic resonance imaging scanners and X-ray equipment, which are usually used in medical facilities. Active magnetometry does not allow to keep track of moving objects due to specific of hardware used. Ultrasound-based positioning can be complicated by ultrasonography apparatuses interference. Using an audible sound creates noise pollution and exerts a negative impact on patientβs health. Also, acoustic technologies are unable to provide a secure communication channel for data exchange.Conclusion. It is recommended to combine the reviewed positioning technologies with other technologies in order to correct the indicated disadvantages.ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π² Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π‘Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡ
ΡΠ΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΈΡΠΊ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊ. ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΌ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ² ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΈΠ² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π² Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅ 2016 Π³. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π² ΠΆΡΡΠ½Π°Π»Π°Ρ
Ρ impact-ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ 3.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π° ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ. ΠΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π½ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·Π΅ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡ Π² ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
. ΠΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ΄ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ², Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·Π΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π£ΠΠ. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π° Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π» ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²
Π Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ
Introduction. Localization of objects position in closed space plays an important role in many areas of human activity, including medicine. Using indoor-positioning technologies as a part of telemedicine systems allows one to improve the quality of medical care and to reduce mortality of patients. Therefore, indoor-positioning technologies contribute to achieve the goals outlined in the Russian Federation government`s program "Healthcare development". Aim. To study the applicability of modern radiofrequency technologies for localization of patients inside a hospital building. Materials and methods. Scientific sources devoted to indoor-positioning based on radiofrequency technologies were analyzed. The methods used included: - bibliographic retrieval; - selection and verification of sources based on their relevance; - analysis of sources by methods of deconstruction and comparative analysis . Results. The result of the analysis indicated that radiofrequency positioning technologies allow one to locate objects using radio waves properties. The disadvantage of the technology is the penetration of radio signal through walls and floors. Given this, it is necessary to use complex algorithms to detect an object with accuracy to a specific room. Despite this disadvantage, radiofrequency technologies can be used for positioning in medical facilities since they are easy in deployment and service. Also, they are used in ready-made commercial solutions. ZigBee technology is an exception because it does not allow one to track moving objects in real-time. Conclusion. Based on the study it was concluded that BLE technology is the most suitable for indoor-positioning in medical facilities. It is energy-efficient, it has sufficiently fast data transfer rate, good communication radius and a large range of ready-made communication equipment. It is also worth noting that most wireless medical sensors exchange data via the BLE interface.ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π² Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ
Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ΅ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ "Π Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ". Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π² Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ°. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·Π΅ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ: β Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊ; β ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡ
Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ; β Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»Π½. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΊ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΎΠ·Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΊ, ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ Π² Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
. ΠΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ZigBee, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ½Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ BLE ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
, Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡ BLE
ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ
Introduction. The development of telemedicine systems intended to remotely monitor the health status of patients constitutes one of the most promising areas of contemporary science. Particularly relevant is the use of such systems to track the health of surgically treated patients. Since such patients are mobile, sensors measuring vital signs should not cause any discomfort in regular use. Thus, wearable smart trackers can be used for these purposes.Aim. The paper aims to study the possibility of using smart trackers in a telemedicine system for monitoring patient health.Materials and methods. In the study, a series of measurements was performed using GSMIN WR 41 smart bracelets in order to estimate their accuracy when measuring pulse, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation for different research subjects at rest and during intense physical exercises. In addition, the average measurement interval of the smart bracelet was determined; the operation of the smart bracelet in the telemedicine system for monitoring vital signs was considered.Results. The studies show that an average error in the measurement of vital signs (except for systolic pressure) using the smart bracelet does not exceed 10 %. In order to avoid the high error in measuring systolic pressure, an algorithm for assessing the general health of patients was developed. In addition, it is shown that the smart bracelet can detect an abrupt change in the vital signs of patients, with the average time of their measurement and data transmission to the server of the telemedicine system coming to 45 seconds.Conclusion. The study results indicate that smart bracelets can be used to remotely monitor the health of patients in real-time. These findings are confirmed by the telemedicine system designed on the basis of the smart bracelets considered in the paper.ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, Π² ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ, Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ΅ΡΡ.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·Π΅ ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-Π±ΡΠ°ΡΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ GSMIN WR 41 ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°, Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠ΅. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π» Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-Π±ΡΠ°ΡΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-Π±ΡΠ°ΡΠ»Π΅ΡΠ° Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-Π±ΡΠ°ΡΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ, Π·Π° ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ 10 %. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-Π±ΡΠ°ΡΠ»Π΅Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°, Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π΅Ρ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ 45 Ρ.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-Π±ΡΠ°ΡΠ»Π΅ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°, ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·Π΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-Π±ΡΠ°ΡΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²
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