12 research outputs found
ΠΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π²Π΅Π½ ΡΠ°Π·Π°
Elvic vein injuries can occur with pelvic bone fractures, gunshot wound injury, iatrogenic injuries and lead to life-threatening bleeding. Ct is the main diagnostic tool in differentiating arterial from venous bleeding. Open surgical repair of venous injuries can be technically difficult. Endovascular treatment is an attractive alternative strategy. Embolization is the main method to stop arterial bleeding; balloon occlusion and stent graft implantation are also used. Arterial embolization cannot help in the situation of venous bleeding. The problem of endovascular treatment of pelvic vein injuries was not given enough attention. The purpose of this review is to summarize the available reports on the use of endovascular techniques in pelvic vein trauma and show the capabilities of the methods.ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π΅Π½ ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π°, ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
, ΡΡΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ
ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ Π² Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ΅ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½Π΅Π½Ρ. ΠΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΉ.ΠΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ; ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡ Π±Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΠΊΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ-Π³ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°. ΠΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²Π΅Π½ ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ.Π¦ΠΠΠ¬ ΠΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ± ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
Π²Π΅Π½ ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²
ΠΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π»ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° (Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ)
Unfortunately, suppuration of a postoperative wound remains the most frequent complication of surgical intervention. If suppuration is located superficially, within the subcutaneous fat, it can be successfully managed with minimal functional losses. The clinical course is significantly complicated if the focus of infection is located under the skin, in the thickness of the muscles, in the fracture zone. In the case of suppuration in the area of osteosynthesis, the complication may become critical.Such a complication is a serious condition that requires multi-stage complex and sometimes multidisciplinary treatment.The conditions for a successful outcome in this pathology are the minimum period from the moment of suppuration, active surgical tactics, stability of the implant, and good vascularization of the surrounding soft tissues.Active surgical tactics involves the opening and sanitation of purulent foci, leaks, recesses. Staged necrectomies are inevitable companions of surgical treatment and can cause the formation of defects in the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and muscles.The resulting soft tissue defect leads to exposure of the bone and plate. Removal of the metal fixator becomes inevitable.Only the closure of the defect with a complex of tissues based on free vascularized composite grafts can radically solve the problem.The article presents two clinical observations of deep wound infection after bone osteosynthesis, where autotransplantation of a vascularized flap was used. The use of this technique made it possible to achieve suppression of infection, wound healing by primary intention, to create conditions for consolidation of the fracture, restoration of function and preservation of the limb as a whole.ΠΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΆΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ, Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ°Π³ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΠΉ, Π² ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΡΡΡ, Π² Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ°. Π ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Π½Π°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ.Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ β ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.Π£ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΊ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π½Π°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ°, Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π²Π°ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ.ΠΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΌΠ΅Π²Π°Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π³Π½ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ², Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠ°ΠΏΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΌΡΡΡ.ΠΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π²ΡΠΈΠΉΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ. Π£Π΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ.ΠΠΈΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π°ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π²Π° ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π°, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Π° Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π²Π°ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, Π·Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ°, Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ
Π’ΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π°
Traumatic testicular dislocation can be easily missed, especially against the background of obvious severe injuries in a patient with multiple and concomitant trauma. Despite the fact that traumatic testicular dislocation is a rare condition and does not pose an immediate threat to patient safety, it can cause serious consequences leading to male infertility. To prevent complications, this pathology should be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible. For this purpose, it is necessary to exercise diagnostic vigilance and conduct an appropriate examination in patients with polytrauma, especially those received while riding a motorcycle. The diagnosis of the trauma can be made if, on physical examination, there is a dense elastic formation corresponding to a displaced testicle with simultaneous desolation of half of the scrotum. This will help speed up the diagnosis and initiation of treatment, as well as facilitate preoperative planning of interventions on the bones of the anterior pelvic ring. Therefore, diagnostic instrumental and physical examination with palpation of both testicles upon admission is highly recommended.Π’ΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ΅Π½Π°, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ³ΡΠΎΠ·Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊ ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ. Π‘ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΉ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ· ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΡ Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ² Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π°. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ
Π‘ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π²Π·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ
The treatment of traumatic soft tissue detachments is an urgent problem for a first-level trauma hospital. This paper provides an analysis of the literature sources of the PubMed database, which are devoted to the classification, diagnosis and treatment of traumatic skin detachments. It was revealed that most of the works are publications of 1β2 clinical cases, only a few works are retrospective studies of patient groups. Currently, there is no generally accepted classification of traumatic detachment of soft tissues, due to the complexity and mosaic nature of pathoanatomical signs. According to the tactics of treatment, there is a difference in approaches for low-energy trauma (sports injury) and high-energy impact (traffic accidents, falls from a height). In the first case, the treatment methods are compression therapy, physiotherapy, and in rare cases, puncture. In the second case, puncture and drainage are the main method of treatment, and in persistent recurrent cases, chemical ablation or open surgery to excise the capsule in combination with vacuum drainage are the methods of treatment. Methods of endoscopic treatment of the walls of the detachment, ligation of the lymphatic vessels around the detachment, and the use of blockable sutures for obliteration of the detachment cavity are currently new methods of treatment, which effectiveness requires further study.ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Β ΠΎΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΒ ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉΒ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΒ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉΒ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Β ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ. Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉΒ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅Β ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΒ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Β Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π±Π°Π·Ρ PubMed, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ β ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ 1β2Β ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ β ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΒ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π²Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Β ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΡΠ° Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ΅ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ (ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°) ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ (Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Β ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΡΡ). Π ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°ΡΒ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ, ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ, Π² ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
β ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ β ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΌ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° Π² ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π°Π±Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΡΠ»Ρ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΡΠΌΠ½ΡΠΌ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈΒ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΎΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈΒ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³ ΠΎΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Β Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Β ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΈ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅Β Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΒ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Pubic Rami Fractures Fixation by Interlocking Intramedually Nail: First Clinical Experience
Background. Growing number of patients with pelvic fractures is associated with evolution of high-speed transport, high-rise construction and industrial production. The optimal surgical procedure for pubic rami fractures must ensure a stable fixation and simultaneously minimize the risk of postoperative complications. Our aim was to evaluate the efficiency of a new technique for pubic bones fixation by a titanium nail in patients with pelvic fractures.Material and Methods. The authors present the experience on treatment of 18 patients who underwent 25 surgeries for internal fixation of pubic rami fractures by a designed solid titanium nail. Mean age of patients was 40.16Β±10.35 years. Proposed surgical method provides for mandatory use of image intensifier during all stages of the procedure. With patient in a supine position the authors performed internal fixation of pubic bones by a retrograde nail inserted using a navigating handle through a skin incision of1 cm in the area of symphysis. After complete insertion into the bone the nail was interlocked proximally by two3.5 mm cortex screws through an additional skin incision of1.0 cm using a navigating handle and guiding sleeves. All pelvic ring fractures were classified according to AO/OTA classification and pubic fractures by Nakatani classification. Functional outcome was evaluated by Majeed score.Results. Bilateral fractures were diagnosed in 7 (38.8%) patients (floating pubic symphysis). 13 (72.2%) patients featured polytrauma with average ISS score of 25.1Β±7.8. 2 (11,1%) patients were diagnosed with open pelvic fractures, 3 (16.6%) patients had a concomitant acetabular fracture. The authors performed epicystostomy in two (11.1%) patients and laparotomy bringing out the drainages in 5 (27,8%) patients. Mean follow up was 7.8Β±6.2 months. Stable fixation was obtained in all patients. By the moment of the present publication x-ray healing of pubic bones was observed in 16 (64%) cases, in remaining 9 (36%) cases the follow up period was less than mean healing period (2 months). In 11 (68.8%) patients the functional outcome averaged 91Β±3.9 by Majeed score 6 months postoperatively, in 8 (50%) patients β 93.8Β±2.9 by Majeed score 12 months postoperatively and more. No complications like skin necrosis, secondary fragments displacement or infection were not observed.Conclusion. Preliminary results demonstrated the absence of wound infection and reliable fragments fixation. This technique can be applied in patients with stomas and drainages upon the anterior abdominal wall which extends the indication range for surgical treatment of anterior pelvic ring. High fixation properties of proposed nailing create conditions for early mobilization of the patients and for conducting the exercise therapy