Normalização do artigo científico agrícola.

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Bibliografia de solos.

Conceituação geral dos solos. Física do solo. Química do solo. Biologia do solo. Fertilidade e fertilizantes do solo. Levantamento do solo. Conservação do solo. Solos de floresta. Mineralogia do solo. Localidades geográficas. Culturas. Economica. Métodos analíticos. Aerofotogrametria, fotointerpretação e cartografia. Instrumentos e equipamentos.bitstream/item/146139/1/BIBLIOGRAFIA-DE-SOLOS-.pd

Low Levels of Physical Activity Increase Metabolic Responsiveness to Cold in a Rat (Rattus fuscipes)

Physical activity modulates expression of metabolic genes and may therefore be a prerequisite for metabolic responses to environmental stimuli. However, the extent to which exercise interacts with environmental conditions to modulate metabolism is unresolved. Hence, we tested the hypothesis that even low levels of physical activity are beneficial by improving metabolic responsiveness to temperatures below the thermal neutral zone, thereby increasing the capacity for substrate oxidation and energy expenditure.We used wild rats (Rattus fuscipes) to avoid potential effects of breeding on physiological phenotypes. Exercise acclimation (for 30 min/day on 5 days/week for 30 days at 60% of maximal performance) at 22°C increased mRNA concentrations of PGC1α, PPARδ, and NRF-1 in skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue compared to sedentary animals. Lowering ambient temperature to 12°C caused further increases in relative expression of NRF-1 in skeletal muscle, and of PPARδ of brown adipose tissue. Surprisingly, relative expression of UCP1 increased only when both exercise and cold stimuli were present. Importantly, in sedentary animals cold acclimation (12°C) alone did not change any of the above variables. Similarly, cold alone did not increase maximum capacity for substrate oxidation in mitochondria (cytochrome c oxidase and citrate synthase activities) of either muscle or brown adipose tissue. Animals that exercised regularly had higher exercise induced metabolic rates in colder environments than sedentary rats, and temperature induced metabolic scope was greater in exercised rats.Physical activity is a necessary prerequisite for the expression of transcriptional regulators that influence a broad range of physiological functions from energy metabolism to cardiovascular function and nutrient uptake. A sedentary lifestyle leads to decreased daily energy expenditure because of a lack of direct use of energy and a muted metabolic response to ambient temperature, which can be reversed even by low levels of physical activity

The profitability of trading rules in stock markets: evidence from GCC countries

The thesis provides empirical evidence on weak-form efficiency in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) stock markets. To communicate the academic concepts to the practitioners’ intuition, we utilise several trading rules to test weak-form efficiency in these markets. The trading rules are formulated on the basis of widely used technical indicators, namely moving average oscillator and trading-range break. Furthermore, we use several econometric estimation techniques to investigate the presence of seasonal effects in these markets (specifically the weekend, the holiday, the turn-of-the-month, and the month-of-the-year effects). Once a seasonal effect is found to be statistically significant, trading rules designed on the basis of these seasonal effects are evaluated. In addition, the role played by fundamentalists and technicians in the price-formation process is also examined. The empirical results reveal that trading rules generally outperform the passive buy-and-hold trading strategy. However, the performance of the trading rules appears to be highly temporal and largely diminishes when transaction costs are taken into consideration. Both fundamentalists and technicians have a role to play in price determination, although the technicians appear to be the more influential