State of vascular wall of umbilical arteries of fetus at cytomegalovirus infection

The paper describes the details of electron-microscopic study of the intima of blood vessels of the umbilical cord, produced during childbirth from women undergoing in the 111 trimester of gestation cytomegalovirus infection. It was found that the endothelial cells of the umbilical cord arteries there is a reduction of protein-synthetic and proliferative their functions, as well as the introduction of endothelial apoptosis, with the characteristics of manifestations, expressed degenerative and destructive changes in the cell, the loss of cell-cell contacts, intussusception plasmolemma, the destruction of the cytoskeleton, chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation and the formation of apoptotic bodies. Revealed changes in the endothelium may contribute dyscirculatory disorders in arterial vessels of the umbilical cord and to initiate the development of spasm of the arteries. Modification of these functions studied gestational tissues obviously contributes to the reduction of the intensity of the blood flow of the fetus, the development of intrauterine hypoxia

LIPID PROFILE AND STATE OF ENDOTHELIUM UMBILICAL CORD VESSELS IN NEWBORNS FROM MOTHERS WITH CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION

Lipid profile and state of endothelium of umbilical cord artery of 45 newborns were studied. It was determined that cytomegalovirus infection of mother is associated with disbalance of lipids in umbilical cord blood (21 % increase of concentration of saturatedfatty acids and triglycerides and 46 % increase of HDL cholesterol at more than 30 % decrease of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol) and with disorders in endothelium dysmorphology (apoptosis of cell nuclei, edema, dissociation and dystrophic changes of smooth muscle cells)

Correlation of changes of ш-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and free radical processes in erythrocyte membranes of umbilical cord of newborns with cytomegalovirus infection

To examine the correlation of changes of ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and free-radical processes in the blood of the umbilical cord of newborns to mothers with cytomegalovirus infection, the content of ω-6 polyunsaturated arachidonic, linoleic fatty acids, the concentration of the products of reacting with thiobarbituric acid and activity of phospholipase A2 in the membrane of red blood cells of the umbilical cord were studied. The material for the study was the umbilical cord blood of 40 newborns from mothers who had cytomegalovirus infection in the HI trimester (titer of IgG antibodies to cytomegalovirus 1: 1600) - the main group. The control group consisted of 40 infants from healthy women It was found that the aggravation of chronic cytomegalovirus infection in mothers (titer of IgG antibodies to cytomegalovirus infection 1: 1600) contributes to the activation of lipid peroxidation (the repression of antioxidant protection) in the cord blood of newborns, increasing the concentration of TBA-active products on the background of the high activity of phospholipase A (more than 2-fold; p < 0.001) and is associated with the generation of large amounts of precursors of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids acids ω-6 family: linoleic (56 %; p < 0.001) and arachidonic (34 %; p < 0.001). Increase in TBA-active products has a close relation to the content of arachidonic acid in umbilical cord blood of newborns from mothers with cytomegalovirus infection, the correlation coefficient r was 0.78 (p < 0.001). The revealed changes in the membrane of red blood cells from the umbilical cord of newborns from mothers with cytomegalovirus infection may become the adverse gestation factor

Role of Inflammatory Mediators in Endothelial Dysfunction of Umbilical Cord Vessels in Pregnant Women after Third-Trimester Nonprimary Cytomegaloviral Infection

Background. Endothelial cells are the site of productive replication, hematogenous spread and persistence for a variety of viruses, including cytomegalovirus, which play a critical role in the development of vascular complications associated with cytomegalovirus infection due to developing endothelial dysfunction.Aim: to reveal the role of inflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1β, interleukin-8) in the formation of umbilical cord vascular endothelial dysfunction in reactivation of latent cytomegalovirus infection in the third trimester of pregnancy.Material and methods. The standard method of solid-phase (“sandwich” variant) enzyme immunoassay was carried out to study pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1β, -8), endothelin-1, nitrite anion in the blood of the umbilical cord of newborns from mothers who come through reactivation of latent cytomegalovirus infection in the third trimester of pregnancy. The work includes examination data of 78 newborns born at 38–40 weeks of gestation. Among them: 45 newborns were born by CMV-seropositive women with reactivation of latent cytomegalovirus infection in the third trimester of pregnancy (main group) and 33 – by CMV-seronegative women (control group). Umbilical vein blood serum was chosen as the material for the study.Results. In the blood of the umbilical vein of newborns from mothers with reactivation of latent cytomegalovirus infection in the third trimester of pregnancy, a high level of pro-inflammatory cytokines was detected: tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1β, interleukin-8 (p &lt; 0.001) with a simultaneous increase in the content of endothelin-1 and nitrite anion (p &lt; 0.001), compared with similar indicators for healthy newborns.Conclusion. Reactivation of latent cytomegalovirus infection in the third trimester of pregnancy is associated with the formation of a systemic fetal inflammatory response determined by a high concentration of inflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1β, interleukin-8) and an increase in vasoactive compounds (endothelin-1 and nitrite-anion) leading to the formation of dysfunction of the vascular endothelium of the umbilical cord

INTERRELATION OF CHANGES IN CONCENTRATION OF LEPTIN AND ω-3 FAMILY ACIDS IN THE PLACENTA AT THE REACTIVATION OF CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION IN THE III TRIMESTER OF HUMAN PREGNANCY

A gas-chromatographic study was conducted of the content of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids of the ω-3 family: eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of leptinin the homogenate of placental tissue in women who during the third trimester of gestation (32 weeks) underwent reactivation of chronic cytomegalovirus infection with an antibody titer Immunoglobulin class G to cytomegalovirus 1:1600. The main group of studies was 42 placentas taken from women with cytomegalovirus infection during the period of labor. The obtained data were compared with similar parameters of the control group, which included 35 placental tissues of practically healthy women in childbirth. Based on the analysis of the data obtained, it was found that the reactivation of chronic cytomegalovirus infection in the third trimester of pregnancy (32 weeks) is associated with decrease in the concentration of ω-3 essential polyunsaturated fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic by 23 % (р < 0.01) and docosahexaenoic by 42 % (р < 0.001) with a simultaneous increase in the concentration of leptin in the placental tissue by 61 % (р < 0.001). In these conditions, the mechanisms of regulation of the transmission of fatty acids from the peripheral blood of the mother to the blood of the developing fetus through the placenta are disrupted. The contents of leptin during pregnancy is an important indicator that carries information not only about the energy reserves of the maternal organism, but also about the state of the fe^lacental complex

Effect of Oxidative Stress and Fatty Acids Disbalance on the Development of Apoptosis in the Placenta with Cytomegalovirus Infection in the First Trimester

Background. Reactivation of cytomegalovirus infection (CMV) during pregnancy is associated with manifestation of oxidative stress, both in the maternal peripheral blood and in the placental tissues. One of the effects of oxidative stress is a disturbance of the metabolism of fatty acids, which leads to the initiation of the apoptotic cascade, the death of trophoblast cells and, as a result, tissue or organ dysfunction, promoting to the development of a pathological condition. However, an analysis of the current literature indicates insufficient information on this problem in the villous chorion of the placenta in CMV infection.Aims. To study the relationship between the oxidative stress development and fatty acid imbalance in apoptosis of trophoblast cells during reactivation of CMV in the first trimester.Material and methods. We examined peripheral blood, urine, a homogenate of the villous chorions from 35 pregnant women with CMV reactivation within 9–11 weeks of pregnancy and from 30 pregnant women without CMV of the same gestation period. We studied levels of IgM and IgG for cytomegalovirus, low-avid IgG antibodies to cytomegalovirus (avidity index), phospholipase A2 content, fatty acid content, number of apoptotic trophoblast cells, fatty acid peroxide content and catalase activity. Sampling and analysis of material from pregnant women was conducted in 2016–2018.Results. The reactivation of CMV in the first trimester of pregnancy led to an increase content in the phospholipase A2 in villous chorion by 2.5 times, by 1.5 times of fatty acid peroxides, 1.5 times arachidonic acid, palmitic acid by 1.3 times, number of trophoblast cells in a state of apoptosis by 4.7 times and decrease catalase activity by 1.44 times.Conclusion. As a result of the study, cytomegalovirus-dependent induction of oxidative stress and imbalance of fatty acids triggering apoptosis of trophoblast cells was identified. Increased apoptosis initiates inflammation and destructive processes in the early placenta