Microchannel avalanche photodiode with wide linearity range

Design and physical operation principles of new microchannel avalanche photodiode (MC APD) with gain up to 10^5 and linearity range improved an order of magnitude compared to known similar devices. A distinctive feature of the new device is a directly biased p-n junction under each pixel which plays role of an individual quenching resistor. This allows increasing pixel density up to 40000 per mm^2 and making entire device area sensitive.Comment: Submitted to Journal of Technical Physic

Study of biochemical markers in newborns with necrotizing enterocolitis

Aim. To study the level of biochemical markers to optimize the diagnosis and prognosis of necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns. Methods. 110 newborns with necrotizing enterocolitis were observed in the intensive care unit at the age of 1 to 28 days. According to the stages of necrotizing enterocolitis, all examined newborns were divided into three groups. Group 1 consisted of 49 newborns (40.5%) with necrotizing enterocolitis stage I, group 2 included 48 newborns (39.7%) with necrotizing enterocolitis stage II and group 3 included 13 newborns (10.7%) with necrotizing enterocolitis stage III. In 40 newborns with necrotizing enterocolitis, matrix metalloproteinase-2, -9, -17, cathelicidin, transferrin in the blood and fecal calprotectin in the feces were measured by ELISA. Results. Comparative analysis demonstrated that matrix metalloproteinase-2 was increased in newborns from group 1 by 6.9 times, in group 2 - by 8.3 times and in group 3 - by 10.7 times. Similarly, the level of metalloproteinase-9 was increased in group 1 by 3 times, in group 2 by 3.4 times, and in group 3 by 4.5 times compared to the newborns from the control group. The concentration of metalloproteinase-17 in newborns from groups 1 and 2 was almost the same and increased on average by 2.5 times, and by 3.6 times in group 3 compared to the control. In examined newborns, the highest level of cathelicidin and lowest level of transferrin were observed in necrotizing enterocolitis stage III, which indicates the more severe course of the disease and may be a predictor of changes in treatment tactics. So, taking into account the diagnostic value of fecal calprotectin (75%), it can be used as a noninvasive marker of inflammation in the intestine. Conclusion. The established changes in the level of biochemical markers (metalloproteinases, cathelicidin and transferrin in the blood and fecal calprotectin in feces) have diagnostic and prognostic value in the diagnosis, prediction of outcomes and optimization of treatment tactics of necrotizing enterocolitis in neonatal practice

CYP2D6-ГЕНОТИПИРОВАНИЕ В ОЦЕНКЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ТЕРАПИИ ТАМОКСИФЕНОМ У БОЛЬНЫХ ГОРМОНОПОЗИТИВНЫМ РАКОМ МОЛОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ

Tamoxifen is a drug of choice for endocrine therapy of hormone receptor- positive breast cancer in women of reproductive age. The metabolic activity of tamoxifen is determined by the activity of the CYP2D6 enzyme encoded by the CYP2D6 gene: under the action of the enzyme, tamoxifen converts into the metabolically active form called endoxifen. Pharmacogenetic testing of the CYP2D6 gene in patients with hormone-positive breast cancer can help to predict response to therapy and assess the risk of side effects with the aim of improving long-term treatment outcomes. Тамоксифен является препаратом выбора при эндокринотерапии гормоноположительного рака молочной железы у женщин в репродуктивном периоде. Метаболическая активность тамоксифена в организме определяется активностью фермента CYP2D6, кодируемого одноименным геном: под действием фермента тамоксифен переходит в метаболически активную форму – эндоксифен. Фармакогенетическое тестирование гена CYP2D6 у пациентов с гормоноположительным раком молочной железы поможет прогнозировать эффективность терапии и оценить риск развития побочных эффектов в целях улучшения отдаленных результатов лечения.

Фармакогенетическое тестирование аллельных вариантов гена CYP2D6 при гормоноположительном раке молочной железы

Tamoxifen is the drug of choice for endocrine therapy of hormone receptor- positive breast cancer in women in the reproductive period.  The metabolic activity of tamoxifen is determined by the activity of the enzyme CYP2D6, encoded by the gene of the same name: under  the action of the enzyme, tamoxifen passes into the metabolically active form, endoxyphene. Pharmacogenetic testing of the CYP2D6 gene  in patients with hormone-positive breast cancer can help predict the effectiveness of therapy and assess the risk of side effects with the aim  of improving long-term treatment outcomes.Тамоксифен является препаратом выбора при эндокринотерапии гормоноположительного рака молочной железы у женщин в репродуктивном возрасте. Метаболическая активность тамоксифена в организме определяется активностью фермента CYP2D6, кодируемого одноименным геном: под действием фермента тамоксифен переходит в метаболически активную форму – эндоксифен. Фармакогенетическое тестирование гена CYP2D6 у пациентов с гормоноположительным раком молочной железы поможет прогнозировать эффективность терапии и оценить риск развития побочных эффектов в целях улучшения отдаленных результатов лечения

The modern trends in diagnosis and treatment of primary operable breast cancer

The article considers the modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of primary operable breast cancer depending on molecular biological profile of the tumor

CYP2D6-GENOTYPING IN THE ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THERAPY WITH TAMOXIFEN IN PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED HORMONE RECEPTOR-POSITIVE BREAST CANCER

Tamoxifen is a drug of choice for endocrine therapy of hormone receptor- positive breast cancer in women of reproductive age. The metabolic activity of tamoxifen is determined by the activity of the CYP2D6 enzyme encoded by the CYP2D6 gene: under the action of the enzyme, tamoxifen converts into the metabolically active form called endoxifen. Pharmacogenetic testing of the CYP2D6 gene in patients with hormone-positive breast cancer can help to predict response to therapy and assess the risk of side effects with the aim of improving long-term treatment outcomes

Pharmacogenetic testing of allelic variants of the CYP2D6 gene in hormone positive breast cancer

Tamoxifen is the drug of choice for endocrine therapy of hormone receptor- positive breast cancer in women in the reproductive period.  The metabolic activity of tamoxifen is determined by the activity of the enzyme CYP2D6, encoded by the gene of the same name: under  the action of the enzyme, tamoxifen passes into the metabolically active form, endoxyphene. Pharmacogenetic testing of the CYP2D6 gene  in patients with hormone-positive breast cancer can help predict the effectiveness of therapy and assess the risk of side effects with the aim  of improving long-term treatment outcomes