Prophylaxis of scoliosis using “elbow limiter” device in younger schoolchildren

This article is devoted to the growing problem of childhood and adolescent scoliosis, one of the main reasons for which is the incorrect placement of the child’s elbows on the working surface. Based on this, the devices for the prevention and treatment of scoliosis, which are currently available all over the world, are analyzed. The device was designed "Elbow Limiter". Presents data from a survey of parents of schoolchildren regarding the possibility of using the device in schools and / or at home.Данная статья поcвящена нарастающей проблеме детского и подpосткового cколиоза, одной из главных причин которого является непpавильное расположeние локтей ребенка на рабочей поверхности. На основании этого проанализированы приспособления для профилактики и лечения сколиоза, имеющиеся на сегодняшний день во всем мире. Был сконструирован прибор «Локтевой лимитер». Представлены данные опроса родителей школьников относительно возможности использования прибора в школах и/или дома

Analysis of radial artery occlusion causes and methods of its prevention after interventions using radial access. Results of the APRIORI study

Aim. To study predictors of radial artery occlusion (RAO) and ways to prevent it after interventions using radial access.Material and methods. The study consisted of prospective and retrospective parts. The total number of included patients was 2284. Patients undergoing interventions by radial access in various medical organizations were retrospectively considered. The prospective study included 1284 patients who were subject to interventional treatment. Patients were randomized into two groups as follows: in group 1, hemostasis was performed within 4 hours, in group 2 — >6 hours. All patients underwent a bedside Barbeau test with a pulse oximeter and an ultrasound of access arteries to determine the radial artery patency/occlusion.Results. The RAO rate in the retrospective part was 21,8%, while in the prospective one — 10,1% with long-term hemostasis and 1,4% with short-term hemostasis (p<0,001). Predictors of RAO were type 2 diabetes (odds ratio (OR), 1,9, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1,1-3,4, p=0,03) and an increase in hemostasis duration by 1 hour (OR, 1,2, 95% CI, 1,1-1,3, p<0,001). When analyzing the retrospective part, the predictors of RAO were body mass index (OR, 1,06, 95% CI, 1,02-1,09, p=0,002), female sex (OR, 0,6, 95% CI, 0,4-0,9, p=0,02), smoking (OR, 1,38, 95% CI, 1-1,91, p=0,047). The administration of statins in different dosages, as well as antihypertensive and anti-ischemic agents, did not have a significant effect on the RAO rate.Conclusion. The main predictors of RAO were type 2 diabetes, an increase in hemostasis duration, female sex, smoking, and the artery-to-introducer diameter ratio. Taking statins, anti-ischemic and antihypertensive agents does not have a protective effect on RAO rate

Population genomics of post-glacial western Eurasia.

Western Eurasia witnessed several large-scale human migrations during the Holocene <sup>1-5</sup> . Here, to investigate the cross-continental effects of these migrations, we shotgun-sequenced 317 genomes-mainly from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods-from across northern and western Eurasia. These were imputed alongside published data to obtain diploid genotypes from more than 1,600 ancient humans. Our analyses revealed a 'great divide' genomic boundary extending from the Black Sea to the Baltic. Mesolithic hunter-gatherers were highly genetically differentiated east and west of this zone, and the effect of the neolithization was equally disparate. Large-scale ancestry shifts occurred in the west as farming was introduced, including near-total replacement of hunter-gatherers in many areas, whereas no substantial ancestry shifts happened east of the zone during the same period. Similarly, relatedness decreased in the west from the Neolithic transition onwards, whereas, east of the Urals, relatedness remained high until around 4,000 BP, consistent with the persistence of localized groups of hunter-gatherers. The boundary dissolved when Yamnaya-related ancestry spread across western Eurasia around 5,000 BP, resulting in a second major turnover that reached most parts of Europe within a 1,000-year span. The genetic origin and fate of the Yamnaya have remained elusive, but we show that hunter-gatherers from the Middle Don region contributed ancestry to them. Yamnaya groups later admixed with individuals associated with the Globular Amphora culture before expanding into Europe. Similar turnovers occurred in western Siberia, where we report new genomic data from a 'Neolithic steppe' cline spanning the Siberian forest steppe to Lake Baikal. These prehistoric migrations had profound and lasting effects on the genetic diversity of Eurasian populations

THE INFLUENCE OF ATORVASTATIN AND ROSUVASTATIN IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS ON THE PARAMETERS OF CELLULAR IMMUNITY AND IN VITRO LEUCOCYTE ACTIVATION

Aim. To compare the influence of “lipophilic” atorvastatin and “hydrophilic” rosuvastatin on the parameters of cellular immunity in atherosclerosis patients.Material and methods. Totally, 35 participants included, mean age 62 [57;68] y.o., 18 males and 17 females, directed for follow-up to Myasnikov Cardiovascular Center with preliminary diagnosis coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis of coronary and carotid arteries, and with indications for intensified statin therapy. In 17 patients the dosage of atorvastatin was increased from 20 to 80 mg, in 18 — dosage of rosuvastatin from 10 to 40 mg. All patients at baseline and in 1 month, by the methods of direct immune fluorescence and cytofluometry underwent the measurement of content of monocytes and lymphocyte populations in peripheral blood, incl. regulatory and effectory subpopulations of the latter. Under the circumstances of cellular culture the influence studied, of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin on CD4+ T-lymphocytes populations, as the lipopolysaccharideinduced synthesis of cytokines by monocytes of donors blood.Results. At the background of atorvastatin, there was marked increase of relative content of circulating regulatory T-lymphocytes (Treg), increase of the relation of Treg/Thelper 17 (Th17) and changes of cellular immunity parameters. Statins did not influence subpopulations of blood monocytes. There was dose-dependent inhibition by statins of CD4+ T-lymphocytes proliferation: atorvastatin action was noted in 10 nM/L, rosuvastatin — in 10 times higher concentration. Introduction ofstatins, 10-100 nM/L, to the culture of monocytes did not influence neither spontaneous, nor endotoxin induced secretion of cytokines.Conclusion. In therapeutic dosages atorvastatin shows immune modulating activity presenting with an increase of relative content of regulatory T-lymphocytes subpopulations that might be determined by suppression of effectory cells proliferation

Features of Antenna Protection Cover Design and Manufacture

The paper sets a task to design protection covers (PC) of large aperature antennas to be used in difficult climatic conditions of operation, wide range of temperatures or under specified requirements for the operation mode of equipment. Methods to analyse the influence of antenna covers and radomes on characteristics of antennas radiation vary depending on the electrical size and complexity of the PC structure. Both strict methods of the electrodynamic analysis, and quasioptical approximations can be applied.The aim of research was to define the influence of thickness of a single-layer radome in the form of a cylindrical or spherical cover on radiation characteristics of the aperture antenna with antenna mouth of about several tens wavelengths in free space (λ). The second task was to establish the interrelation between the change of the directional pattern and shift of the antenna mouth with respect to the center of PC generatrix.Influence of radome thickness was assessed according to several parameters such as amplitude of the field radiated in the axial direction, reduced to results of modeling antenna without PC; level of power radiated in the conic sector with angular half-aperture of 6 °; width of the main maximum at half power with regard to the case with no radome.It is found that with increasing PC thickness there is growth of the principle pattern width at half power. Thus, it is defined that, qualitively, a difference in influence of the spherical radome and cylindrical one consists in reduction of radiation power in the axial direction, more distorted principle pattern shape, change of minor-lobe angle, and reduction of minor-lobe level. With increasing PC thickness the minor-lobe level for both cases becomes almost even, and the ratio of radiation level along the axis remains unchanged. It is shown that difference in the pattern shape gives fractions of percent for power with a shift along a system axis. Proceeding from initial simplifications, this fact can be easily explained that for the parallel output beams of an aperture, refraction conditions at the air-PC boundary with a shift of antenna mouth along the axis remain unchaged except for the beam cross section area of a display tube.</p