Efficacy of Dip slide test in assessing the asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy

Background: Asymptomatic bacteriuria is identified only when significant number of bacteria is demonstrated in urine. As bacterial culture takes at least 3 to 4 days, early diagnosis is a problem. Hence a reliable and cost effective screening test for bacteriuria is of great value. The aim of the study was conducted to know the prevalence of asymptomatic   bacteriuria and to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of Dip slide test.Methods: This study was conducted at Government Maternity Hospital - Upgraded institute for Obstetrics and   Gynaecology, Nayapool, Hyderabad between May 2004 and October 2004. All women who attended the antenatal clinics of this hospital were taken as study group. A total of 300 urine specimens were taken and urine culture was done by both standard and also Dip slide method. The results were compared.Results: The main   objective of this study was to compare the results of,   traditional culture method and Dip slide method for screening bacteriuria.  The incidence of asymptomatic bacteriuria was found to be 6.3%. E coli were the commonest organism, which was isolated in 63.16% of cases. All the positive culture in standard method also showed pure growth in in Dip slide method, with, a colony count of >10 with more than 200 colonies. The results were found to be identical in both methods.Conclusions: Dip slide method of culture is simple to use, accurate, inexpensive & reliable method of screening bacteriuria during pregnancy and it can be strongly recommended for screening pregnant women in antenatal clinics, by including it as a routine part of antenatal care

Maternal body mass index and feto-maternal outcome: a comparative study

Background: Increasing BMI in women poses multiple threat of illness especially in the reproductive age group impacting pregnancy. Pregnant women with overweight and obesity are at a higher risk of developing complications at all stages of the physiological pregnancy. A focus on the methods to prevent this trend of increasing weight gain in adolescence is essential curb the complications due to obesity.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Madras Medical College, Chennai. Written informed consent was obtained and pregnant women visiting the antenatal OP were registered. Detailed history taking and examination was carried out with the measurement of body mass index as weight in kg/height in meter square. The women were followed up for the antepartum, intrapartum, post-partum variables and neonatal outcome.Results: Two hundred pregnant women with high BMI >25 kg/m2 and two hundred pregnant women with normal BMI were selected and were followed prospectively.  Present study showed an increased incidence of pre-eclampsia in patients with high BMI (28% as compared to 8% of the normal BMI) and a higher incidence of Gestational diabetes mellitus among women with high BMI with a value of 27.5 % compared to a value of 7.5% in women with normal BMI. Caesarean delivery was found in 54.5% of the high BMI mothers compared to 31.5% in normal BMI mothers. Postoperatively, wound gaping was found with an incidence of 4.5% in high BMI mothers. IUGR was found in 10% of babies of women with high BMI and still birth occurred in 2.5% of deliveries of high BMI mothers compared to 0.5% in mothers of normal BMI group.Conclusions: The obstetrician needs to be well versed with dietary advice and life style pattern advice to the women of the reproductive age group in order to prevent the complications of high Body mass index in pregnancy. Its imperative to counsel these women about the pre-pregnancy loss of weight, healthy food and exercise, and healthy life style pattern during pregnancy in order to have a healthy outcome

GSM based cost effective street lighting application

AbstractGenerating power play's a vital role in today's world. The project discuss about the controlling of the street light using real time clock application, which enables both Dim and Bright. Depends on the day light timings the street lights can be controlled by ON/OFF condition with the help of Real Time Clock (RTC). If any over load occurs the load will be cut and the information is transferred through GSM to server. Any disconnect in power the information is sent to server through GSM. If any complaint raised the user needs enter the number in the keypad which will be fixed in the street lamp and the message will be sent to Server through GSM

ACP BASED ANONYMOUS SECURE GROUP COMMUNICATION

-Anonymous secure group communication is a new research and application paradigm. In this paper Anonymity between two-party communication, Access control polynomial to multi-part group communication, group key management for secure group communication and secure set concepts has been proposed. Newly extended scheme enforces Anonymous group membership, group size, Anonymous group communication and group message broadcasting. The experimental results and comparisons with existing system show that the ACP scheme is elegant, flexible, efficient and practical

LTTRPred: A tool for prediction of LysR-type transcriptional regulator of pyoluteorin pathway in plant growth promoting Pseudomonas spp.

Plant growth promoting Pseudomonas spp. produce an antifungal compound called pyoluteorin (Plt) that suppress diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi. The pathway specific regulator PltR, a typical LysR-type transcriptional regulator (LTTR), is responsible for the transcriptional activation of the Plt biosynthetic operon. The LTTR family represents one of the largest classes of bacterial transcriptional regulatory proteins. A large number of LTTRs possess function as global transcriptional activators or repressors of unlinked genes or operons involved in metabolism, quinoline signal, virulence etc. The proposed method, LTTRPred, is an useful tool developed for identifying and predicting the LTTR, which is responsible for the activation of Plt transcription regulators, from whole genomes of various Pseudomonas spp. LTTRPred was developed using support vector machine (SVM) and Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA) based on the composition of amino acid and amino acid pairs. Modules in SVM were developed using traditional amino acid, dipeptide (n+1) and hybrid amino acid composition modules and an overall accuracy of 100, 100 and 98 per cent respectively, was achieved. Modules in WEKA were also developed using the same modules and an overall accuracy of 100 per cent achieved for all. The performance of the tool was tested using various datasets of LTTR genes from different Pseudomonas spp. The best performing SVM and WEKA modules from the present investigation was implemented as a dynamic web server ‘LTTRPred’, which is freely available and can be accessed online (http://210.212.229.56/lttrpred/). This tool can be used for the functional annotation of the Pseudomonas spp. possessing LTTR genes

GC–MS analysis of ethanolic leaf extract of Capparis divaricata Lam.

Planet earth is rich in plant-based medicine. Unfortunately, most of the medicinal plants are not in lime light for their optimal utilisation by the mankind mostly, because of unknown medicinally important phytochemicals present in them. Capparis divaricata Lam. is one of the medicinally important plants widely distributed in Arthagiri Hills of Chittoor Dist., Andhra Pradesh. The plant is ethnobotanically used for different ailments especially cancer. In the present study, Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of leaf ethanolic extract of Capparis divaricate is reported. Octasilaxone, Hexadecamethyl; Acetoxymethyl – Trimethyl: Octamethyl were identified as the major compounds.  Further, these compounds may act as anti-cancerous agents by efficient pharmacological studies

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITES OF COW DUNG EXTRACTS AGAINST HUMAN PATHOGENS

Objective: For control of microbial infections and diseases, various synthetic drugs and chemical formulations are currently in use. But due to the problem of microbial drug resistance, new alternative synthetic drugs have been explored. Similarly, antimicrobial activities of so many natural products have also been explored. Methods: In this various study extracts of cow dung possessed antimicrobial property against human pathogens like Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli. Results: The Indian cow dung extracted possessed superior antimicrobial activity than other cow dung types and showed antimicrobial property against all the test microorganisms. Since cow dung and buffalo dung are abundant in nature, which make the process cost effective with processing ease and thus are a promising solution for a variety of health problems in the near future. Conclusion: The medicinal properties of these cow dung and buffalo dung can be exploited to formulate drugs for several diseases caused by antibiotic resistant pathogenic microorganisms

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIBACTERIAL, AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF CASSIA MONTANA HEYNE EX ROTH LEAF EXTRACTS

Objective: The leaf extracts of Cassia montana (Caesalpiniaceae) were being used for leucorrhea and rheumatic pains used by the certain tribal people in Andhra Pradesh. The present studies focused on the antibacterial, antioxidant activity of leaf extracts of C. montana which provide the scientific basis for its folklore applications in various ailments. Methods: Ethyl-alcohol and water extracts of C. montana (leaf) were screened for phytochemicals, antimicrobial activity and antioxidant activity using in vitro methods. The total phenolics were estimated using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent with reference to gallic acid, whereas the antioxidants of the extracts were quantified using ammonium molybdate reduction assay with reference to the ascorbic acid. The antibacterial activity was studied by disk-diffusion method and the radical scavenging assay by DPPH discoloration method with reference to ascorbic acid. Results: The leaf extracts were tested for antibacterial, antioxidants, and phytochemical screening and found the significant phytoconstituents as steroids, lignins, flavonoids, phenols, glycosides, tannins, cardiac glycosides, and reducing sugars in ethanol and aqueous extracts. The tested extracts exhibited significant antibacterial activity. It is also observed that ethanolic extracts are more effective with minimum inhibition concentrations values at 28 and 32 μg/disk against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus followed by Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with 80 and 90 μg/disk. Total polyphenols quantified in alcohol and water extracts with reference to the gallic acid is 108 and 267 mg/g dry weight of leaf, respectively. Total antioxidants quantified in alcohol and water extracts with reference to the ascorbic acid is 70 and 85 mg/g dry weight of leaf, respectively. The tested extracts were exhibited strong effect on the discoloration of DPPH indicated the significant scavenging activity. Conclusion: The present study revealed that the tested extracts were exhibited significant anti-bacterial antioxidant activity along with the diversified phytochemicals. Hence, the leaf extracts of C. montana were having potential role in the treatment of ethno botanical health claims