Molecular survey of aminoglycoside-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from tertiary hospitals in Qazvin, Iran

Aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs) and 16S rRNA methylases (16S RMTase) are two main resistance mechanisms against aminoglycosides. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of AMEs and 16S rRNA methylase genes among aminoglycoside nonsusceptible Acinetobacter baumannii isolates and to assess their clonal relationship using repetitive extragenic palindromic-PCR (rep-PCR). In this cross-sectional study, a total of 192 A. baumannii isolates were collected from the patients hospitalized in Qazvin, Iran (January 2016 to January 2018). Identification of isolates was performed by standard laboratory methods and API 20E strips. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by Kirby–Bauer method followed by examination of the genes encoding the AMEs and 16S RMTase by PCR and sequencing methods. The clonal relationship of isolates was carried out by rep-PCR. In total, 98.4% of isolates were nonsusceptible to aminoglycosides, 98.4%, 97.9% and 83.9% of isolates were found to be non-susceptible against gentamicin, tobramycin and amikacin, respectively. The frequencies of aph(30 )-VI, aac(60 )-Ib, aac(3)-II, aph(30 )-Ia and armA genes were 59.3%, 39.2%, 39.2%, 31.7% and 69.8%, respectively, either alone or in combination. Rep-PCR results showed that the aminoglycoside non-susceptible isolates belonged to three distinct clones: A (79.4%), B (17.5%) and C (3.2%). The findings of this study showed a high frequency for AMEs with the emergence of armA genes among the aminoglycoside non-susceptible A. baumannii isolates. Rational administration of aminoglycosides as well as using an appropriate infection control policy may reduce the presence of resistance to antibiotics in medical centres

Frequency of S and A fimbriae in Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infections in teaching hospitals of Qazvin (2012-13)

Background: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the major cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in hospital settings. Attachment to the target is the essential step to colonization of this organism in human host. S and A fimbriae are important virulence factors causing urinary tract infection in uropathogenic E. coli strains. Objective: To determine the frequency of S and A fimbriae encoding genes in uropathogenic E. coli isolated from patients admitted in educational hospitals of Qazvin. Methods: In this descriptive study, 126 E. coli isolates were collected from urine samples between 2012 and 2013. All isolates were identified using standard laboratory techniques and further evaluated for the frequency of sfa and afa genes using PCR and sequencing methods. Findings: In total, 37 (29.4%) and 13 (10.3%) isolates were positive for the presence of sfa and afa genes, respectively. The afa and sfa-positive isolates were mostly collected from patients admitted in intensive care unit (5 isolates, 4%) and internal medicine (23 isolates, 18.3%) wards, respectively. Conclusion: The findings showed a considerable rate of sfa and afa virulence factors in urinary E. coli isolates. According to clinical importance of this virulence factors in establishment and progress of urinary tract infection, using useful treatment strategy is essential for eradicating of this pathogen in studied hospitals. Keywords: Urinary Tract Infection, Fimbria, E. col

Molecular survey of aminoglycoside-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from tertiary hospitals in Qazvin, Iran

Aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs) and 16S rRNA methylases (16S RMTase) are two main resistance mechanisms against aminoglycosides. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of AMEs and 16S rRNA methylase genes among aminoglycoside non-susceptible Acinetobacter baumannii isolates and to assess their clonal relationship using repetitive extragenic palindromic-PCR (rep-PCR). In this cross-sectional study, a total of 192 A. baumannii isolates were collected from the patients hospitalized in Qazvin, Iran (January 2016 to January 2018). Identification of isolates was performed by standard laboratory methods and API 20E strips. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by Kirby–Bauer method followed by examination of the genes encoding the AMEs and 16S RMTase by PCR and sequencing methods. The clonal relationship of isolates was carried out by rep-PCR. In total, 98.4% of isolates were non-susceptible to aminoglycosides, 98.4%, 97.9% and 83.9% of isolates were found to be non-susceptible against gentamicin, tobramycin and amikacin, respectively. The frequencies of aph(3′)-VI, aac(6′)-Ib, aac(3)-II, aph(3′)-Ia and armA genes were 59.3%, 39.2%, 39.2%, 31.7% and 69.8%, respectively, either alone or in combination. Rep-PCR results showed that the aminoglycoside non-susceptible isolates belonged to three distinct clones: A (79.4%), B (17.5%) and C (3.2%). The findings of this study showed a high frequency for AMEs with the emergence of armA genes among the aminoglycoside non-susceptible A. baumannii isolates. Rational administration of aminoglycosides as well as using an appropriate infection control policy may reduce the presence of resistance to antibiotics in medical centres