FUNDAMENTAL MATRIX OF LINEAR CONTINUOUS SYSTEM IN THE PROBLEM OF ESTIMATING ITS TRANSPORT DELAY

The paper deals with the problem of quantitative estimation for transport delay of linear continuous systems. The main result is received by means of fundamental matrix of linear differential equations solutions specified in the normal Cauchy form for the cases of SISO and MIMO systems. Fundamental matrix has the dual property. It means that the weight function of the system can be formed as a free motion of systems. Last one is generated by the vector of initial system conditions, which coincides with the matrix input of the system being researched. Thus, using the properties of the system- solving for fundamental matrix has given the possibility to solve the problem of estimating transport linear continuous system delay without the use of derivation procedure in hardware environment and without formation of exogenous Dirac delta function. The paper is illustrated by examples. The obtained results make it possible to solve the problem of modeling the pure delay links using consecutive chain of aperiodic links of the first order with the equal time constants. Modeling results have proved the correctness of obtained computations. Knowledge of transport delay can be used when configuring multi- component technological complexes and in the diagnosis of their possible functional degeneration

“CYTOKINE” MODEL OF PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC HEART FAILURE AND THE OPPORTUNITIES OF NEW THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY IN DECOMPENSATED PATIENTS

Neurohumoral model of pathogenesis of chronic heart failure (CHF) made it possible to develop new therapeutic approaches in patients with CHF . However , it became obvious that the ways of activation of neurohumoral systems in CHF are much more complicated. The increase in local synthesis of hormones causes the activation of inflammatory cytokines and protooncogenes, which have various negative effects. This allowed formulating immunoinflammatory conception of CHF pathogenesis, according to which the increase in interleukine-6 blood level is the marker of unfavorable prognosis for CHF , and the level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) straightly correlates with severity of clinical condition and neurohumoral activity in CHF . The growth of TNF-α in CHF progressing as well as its reduction in successful treatment do not exclude the probability of positive effect of therapy , focused on the reduction of TNF-α concentration. The pathogenesis peculiarities of CHF including cytokine aggression demand the necessity of development of new therapy approaches with the use of cytokine system modulators

КЛИНИКО-МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПАТОЛОГИИ ВЕРХНИХ ОТДЕЛОВ ПИЩЕВАРИТЕЛЬНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ У ЖИТЕЛЕЙ, ПОСТОЯННО ПРОЖИВАЮЩИХ НА РАДИОАКТИВНО ЗАГРЯЗНЕННЫХ ТЕРРИТОРИЯХ

The aim of the study was to study and evaluate the clinical and morphological characteristics of the pathology of the gastroduodenal zone of the digestive tract in the population of the radioactively contaminated areas in the immediate and remote observation periods after the Chernobyl accident. Methods: esophagogastroduodenoscopy, cytological examination of gastrobioptate, micronucleus test, dosimetric evaluation of gastrobioptates. To solve the problems of the interrelation of the accident factors at the Chernobyl and the state of the mucous membrane of the upper digestive tract, a medical statistical evaluation of the frequency dependence of the pathology of the upper gastrointestinal tract and environmental factors of the accident in the near and distant period was carried out. Results: it has been established that the main morphological types describing the state of the gastric and duodenal mucosa in the examinees are: erosive, edematic, fibrotic changes on the background of Hp infection, as well as the development of inflammatory cell infiltration. The frequency of occurrence of micronuclei in mucosal mucosa does not depend on the frequency of infection of Helicobacter pylori, as well as the total alpha and beta activity of biopsy specimens of the gastric mucosa, the density of contamination of the territory at 90Sr and 137Cs. The relationship between the frequency of gastroduodenal pathology and the levels of contamination of the territory of permanent residence by 90Sr and 137Cs, as well as statistical regularities of the evaluation of the total alpha and beta activity of gastrobioptates in residents of the radiation contaminated areas for a long period of observation are not statistically significant. Conclusions: the nature and clinical picture of the pathology of the upper digestive tract, the dynamics of the pathological process from inflammatory-dystrophic to atrophic changes in the gastric mucosa, the absence of a connection between this pathology and the indicators of ecological problems according to the isotope composition of the territories, I testify that the reason for the above-mentioned regularities may be the effect complex of factors of the Chernobyl accident.Целью исследования является изучение и оценка клинико-морфологических характеристик патологии верхних отделов пищеварительной системы у населения радиоактивно загрязненных территорий в ближайший и отдаленный после аварии на Чернобыльской АЭС периоды наблюдения. Методы: фиброгастродуоденоскопя, цитологическое исследование гастробиоптатов, микроядерный тест, дозиметрическая оценка гастробиоптатов. Для решения вопросов о взаимосвязи факторов аварии на Чернобыльской АЭС и состояния слизистой оболочки верхних отделов пищеварительного тракта проведена медико-статистическая оценка зависимостей частоты патологии верхних отделов желудочно-кишечного тракта и экологических факторов аварии в ближайший и отдаленный период. Результаты: установлено, что основными морфологическими типами, описывающими со-стояние слизистой желудка и двенадцатиперстной кишки у обследованных, являются: эрозивные, отечные, фиброзные изменения на фоне инфицирования Нр, а также развитие воспалительно-клеточной инфильтрации. Частота встречаемости микроядер в мукоцитах слизистой оболочки не зависит от частоты инфицирования Helicobacter pylori, а также суммарной альфа- и бета-активности биоптатов слизистой оболочки желудка, плотности загрязнения территории по 90Sr и 137Сs. Взаимосвязь между частотой гастродуоденальной патологии и уровнями загрязненности территории постоянного проживания по 90Sr и 137Сs, а также статистические закономерности оценки суммарной альфа- и бета-активности гастробиоптатов у жителей радиоактивно загрязненных территорий за длительный период наблюдения не являются статистически значимыми. Выводы: характер и клиническая картина патологии верхних отделов пищеварительного тракта, динамика течения патологического процесса от воспалительно-дистрофических до атрофических изменений слизистой оболочки желудка, отсутствие связи указанной патологии с показателями экологического неблагополучия по изотопному составу территорий свидетельствуют о том, что причиной вышеуказанных закономерностей может являться действие комплекса факторов аварии на Чернобыльской АЭС

МИКРОЯДРА В МУКОЦИТАХ СЛИЗИСТОЙ ОБОЛОЧКИ ЖЕЛУДКА И ХЕЛИКОБАКТЕРИОЗ У НАСЕЛЕНИЯ РАДИАЦИОННО ЗАГРЯЗНЕННЫХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ

The investigation of frequencies of micronuclei in mucocytes cover-patching epithelium of the gastric mucosa (GM) in the group of persons living in the contaminated territories (RZT) and in the group of persons who had not a history of radiation exposure, living in Saint-Petersburg. All respondents were patients with chronic gastritis (ICD-10K29.3). Micronucleus test was carried out retrospectively in histological sections obtained from antral gastrobioptatov. Along with the micronucleus test in gastrobioptatah examined patients were conducted immunohistochemical determination of H. pylori. There were significant differences between the residents of contaminated areas and those who have not had a history of radiation exposure in terms of "frequency of mukotsitov gastric mucosa with micronuclei." Maximum frequency of mucocytes with micronuclei was observed in individuals living in radiation-contaminated areas gastric mucosa which was infected with Helicobacter pylori. In the group from radiation-contaminated areas with HPassociated gastritis incidence mucocytes with micronuclei in the gastric mucosa was five times higher than that of patients whose mucosa was not infected HP (p <0.01). Thus, we can assume that the Helicobacter pylori potentiates the mutagenic effects of radiation factor.Проведены исследования частот встречаемости микроядер в мукоцитах покровно-ямочного эпителия слизистой оболочки желудка (СОЖ) в группе лиц, проживающих на радиационно загрязненных территориях (РЗТ), и в группе лиц, которые не имели в анамнезе фактов радиационных воздействий, проживающих в г. Санкт-Петербурге. Все обследуемые являлись пациентами с диагнозом «Хронический гастрит» (по МКБ-10 К29.3). Микроядерный тест проводили ретроспективно в гистологических срезах, полученных из антральных гастробиоптатов. Наряду с микроядерным тестом, в гастробиоптатах обследуемых пациентов было проведено иммуногистохимическое определение хеликобактера. Выявлены достоверные различия между жителями радиационно загрязнённых территорий и лицами, которые не имели в анамнезе фактов радиационных воздействий, по показателю «Частота мукоцитов слизистой оболочки желудка с микроядрами». Максимальная частота мукоцитов с микроядрами наблюдалась у лиц, проживающих на радиационно загрязнённых территориях, слизистая оболочка желудка которых была инфицирована Helicobacter pylori. В группе пациентов радиационно-загрязнённых территорий с НР-ассоциированными гастритами частота встречаемости мукоцитов с микроядрами в слизистой оболочке желудка была в пять раз выше, чем у пациентов, слизистая оболочка которых не была инфицирована НР (р<0,01). Таким образом, можно предположить, что Helicobacter pylori потенцирует мутагенные эффекты радиационного фактора

PROXIMITY DEGREE FOR SIMPLE AND MULTIPLE STRUCTURES OF THE EIGENVALUES: OVERSHOOT MINIMIZATION FOR FREE MOTION TRAJECTORIES OF APERIODIC SYSTEM

The paper deals with steady aperiodic continuous system, state matrix of which has a real spectrum of the eigenvalues which absolute value is less than unity. The latest authors’ works show that for such absolute values and multiple structure of eigenvalues on the free motion trajectories of the system by norm of the state vector the significant overshoot is detected, alternated by monotonous motion toward a state of rest. In order to minimize the overshoot value, it is proposed to modify the structure of the eigenvalues, transforming it into a simple one. The result of structure modification is the following: initial eigenvalue and shifted along the real axis of the complex plane to the left by a fixed value relative to the adjacent eigenvalues; each of them has unit multiplicity. Such modification gives the possibility to form the estimation of the proximity degree of eigenvalues simple structure to the multiple one. Moreover, it can be defined in a relative form, which guarantees the reduction of the above overshoot for the free motion trajectory. Results of computer experiments illustrate the issues of the paper

PROCESS OSCILLATIVITY STUDY IN APERIODIC CONTINUOUS SYSTEMS, GENERATED BY EIGENVALUES MULTIPLICATION FACTOR

The article deals with the steady aperiodic continuous system with state matrix obtaining the spectrum of multiple eigenvalues which multiplicity is equal to dimension of its state vector. It is shown that if the eigenvalue magnitude is less than unity, in system free transient motion on norm of state vector the oscillativity is found which becomes apparent by initial overshoot, being replaced by monotonous movement to quiescent state. It is established that the less eigenvalue modulo and the more its multiplicity, the more overshoot size

CLINICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE PATHOLOGY OF THE UPPER DIGESTIVE SYSTEM IN THE RESIDENTS PERMANENTLY RESIDING IN RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED AREAS

The aim of the study was to study and evaluate the clinical and morphological characteristics of the pathology of the gastroduodenal zone of the digestive tract in the population of the radioactively contaminated areas in the immediate and remote observation periods after the Chernobyl accident. Methods: esophagogastroduodenoscopy, cytological examination of gastrobioptate, micronucleus test, dosimetric evaluation of gastrobioptates. To solve the problems of the interrelation of the accident factors at the Chernobyl and the state of the mucous membrane of the upper digestive tract, a medical statistical evaluation of the frequency dependence of the pathology of the upper gastrointestinal tract and environmental factors of the accident in the near and distant period was carried out. Results: it has been established that the main morphological types describing the state of the gastric and duodenal mucosa in the examinees are: erosive, edematic, fibrotic changes on the background of Hp infection, as well as the development of inflammatory cell infiltration. The frequency of occurrence of micronuclei in mucosal mucosa does not depend on the frequency of infection of Helicobacter pylori, as well as the total alpha and beta activity of biopsy specimens of the gastric mucosa, the density of contamination of the territory at 90Sr and 137Cs. The relationship between the frequency of gastroduodenal pathology and the levels of contamination of the territory of permanent residence by 90Sr and 137Cs, as well as statistical regularities of the evaluation of the total alpha and beta activity of gastrobioptates in residents of the radiation contaminated areas for a long period of observation are not statistically significant. Conclusions: the nature and clinical picture of the pathology of the upper digestive tract, the dynamics of the pathological process from inflammatory-dystrophic to atrophic changes in the gastric mucosa, the absence of a connection between this pathology and the indicators of ecological problems according to the isotope composition of the territories, I testify that the reason for the above-mentioned regularities may be the effect complex of factors of the Chernobyl accident