Новые публикации по судебной экспертизе

This section presents translated abstracts of selected papers that appeared in the following periodicals: Journal of Forensic Sciences [www.wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/jfo] and Forensic Science International: Animals and Environments [www.elsevier.com/locate/fsiaе].Представлены переводы рефератов избранных статей, опубликованных в зарубежных периодических изданиях: Journal of Forensic Sciences [www.wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/jfo] и Forensic Science International: Animals and Environments [www.elsevier.com/locate/fsiaе]

Оценка функционального состояния кожной микрогемодинамики методами допплеровской флоуметрии и спекл-метрии

The characteristics of blood microcirculation in human tissues have been investigated by recording and analyzing a dynamic speckle pattern. Methodical approaches have been proposed for evaluating the obtained data in order to verify speckle measurements using the widely used Doppler flowmetry technique.Исследованы характеристики микроциркуляции крови в тканях человека посредством регистрации и анализа динамической спекл-картины. Предложены методические подходы для оценки полученных данных с целью верификации спекл-измерений с помощью широко используемой методики допплеровской флоуметрии

МЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКИЕ И КЛИНИКО-РАДИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С СИМПТОМАТИЧЕСКОЙ ЭПИЛЕПСИЕЙ ПРИ РАЗОРВАВШИХСЯ АНЕВРИЗМАХ СОСУДОВ ГОЛОВНОГО МОЗГА

The results of the study of metabolic and clinical-radiological changes in patients of two groups with and without symptomatic epilepsy on the background of hemorrhages from ruptured arterial aneurysms are shown. The findings suggest that there is the development of hypoxic nature of violations with the activation of prooxidant reactions in both groups, however, in patients with symptomatic epilepsy was found a significant decrease in antioxidant activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic cell protection systems with increasing the production of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha in contrast to the group of patients without epilepsy.Приведены результаты исследования метаболических и клинико-радиологических изменений у пациентов двух групп с симптоматической эпилепсией или без эпиприступов при кровоизлияниях из разорвавшихся артериальных аневризм. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о развитии нарушений гипоксического характера с активацией прооксидантных реакций в обеих группах, однако у пациентов с симптоматической эпилепсией установлено значительное снижение антиоксидантной активности ферментативных и неферментативных систем защиты клеток при повышении продукции провоспалительного цитокина ФНО-альфа в отличие от группы пациентов без эписиндрома

СПЕКЛ-ОПТИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА МИКРОГЕМОДИНАМИКИ КОЖНЫХ ПОКРОВОВ ВИСОЧНОЙ ОБЛАСТИ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С АРТЕРИАЛЬНЫМИ АНЕВРИЗМАМИ

The possibility of application of the speckle-optical method for the objectivization of cutaneous blood flow and evaluation of vascular reactivity with respiratory arrest and hyperventilation is shown. 21 patients with arterial aneurysms (AA) of the brain were examined. Recording of blood flow was carried out on skin of the temporal region on both sides. Violation of vascular reactivity during respiratory tests in the form of development of paradoxical reactions or reduction of adequate responses to HF and HB on the side with AA has been established. The most informative are the power of the spectrum and the mean frequency of the spectrum.Показана возможность применения спекл-оптического метода для объективизации кожного кровотока и оценки сосудистой реактивности при задержке дыхания (ЗД) и гипервентиляции (ГВ). Обследован 21 пациент с артериальными аневризмами (АА) головного мозга. Запись кровотока проводили в кожных покровах височной области с обеих сторон. Установлено нарушение сосудистой реактивности при проведении дыхательных проб в виде развития парадоксальных реакций или снижения адекватных реакций на ЗД и ГВ на стороне с АА. Наиболее информативными являются мощность спектра и средняя частота спектра

Structure of Metaphase Chromosomes: A Role for Effects of Macromolecular Crowding

In metaphase chromosomes, chromatin is compacted to a concentration of several hundred mg/ml by mechanisms which remain elusive. Effects mediated by the ionic environment are considered most frequently because mono- and di-valent cations cause polynucleosome chains to form compact ∼30-nm diameter fibres in vitro, but this conformation is not detected in chromosomes in situ. A further unconsidered factor is predicted to influence the compaction of chromosomes, namely the forces which arise from crowding by macromolecules in the surrounding cytoplasm whose measured concentration is 100–200 mg/ml. To mimic these conditions, chromosomes were released from mitotic CHO cells in solutions containing an inert volume-occupying macromolecule (8 kDa polyethylene glycol, 10.5 kDa dextran, or 70 kDa Ficoll) in 100 µM K-Hepes buffer, with contaminating cations at only low micromolar concentrations. Optical and electron microscopy showed that these chromosomes conserved their characteristic structure and compaction, and their volume varied inversely with the concentration of a crowding macromolecule. They showed a canonical nucleosomal structure and contained the characteristic proteins topoisomerase IIα and the condensin subunit SMC2. These observations, together with evidence that the cytoplasm is crowded in vivo, suggest that macromolecular crowding effects should be considered a significant and perhaps major factor in compacting chromosomes. This model may explain why ∼30-nm fibres characteristic of cation-mediated compaction are not seen in chromosomes in situ. Considering that crowding by cytoplasmic macromolecules maintains the compaction of bacterial chromosomes and has been proposed to form the liquid crystalline chromosomes of dinoflagellates, a crowded environment may be an essential characteristic of all genomes

Estrogen regulation of apoptosis: how can one hormone stimulate and inhibit?

The link between estrogen and the development and proliferation of breast cancer is well documented. Estrogen stimulates growth and inhibits apoptosis through estrogen receptor-mediated mechanisms in many cell types. Interestingly, there is strong evidence that estrogen induces apoptosis in breast cancer and other cell types. Forty years ago, before the development of tamoxifen, high-dose estrogen was used to induce tumor regression of hormone-dependent breast cancer in post-menopausal women. While the mechanisms by which estrogen induces apoptosis were not completely known, recent evidence from our laboratory and others demonstrates the involvement of the extrinsic (Fas/FasL) and the intrinsic (mitochondria) pathways in this process. We discuss the different apoptotic signaling pathways involved in E2 (17β-estradiol)-induced apoptosis, including the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways, the NF-κB (nuclear factor-kappa-B)-mediated survival pathway as well as the PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/Akt signaling pathway. Breast cancer cells can also be sensitized to estrogen-induced apoptosis through suppression of glutathione by BSO (L-buthionine sulfoximine). This finding has implications for the control of breast cancer with low-dose estrogen and other targeted therapeutic drugs

Assessment of the functional state of skin microhemodynamics by the methods of Doppler fluumetry and speckle-metry

The characteristics of blood microcirculation in human tissues have been investigated by recording and analyzing a dynamic speckle pattern. Methodical approaches have been proposed for evaluating the obtained data in order to verify speckle measurements using the widely used Doppler flowmetry technique