Gravitational field equations in a braneworld with Euler-Poincare term

We present the effective gravitational field equations in a 3-brane world with Euler-Poincare term and a cosmological constant in the bulk spacetime. The similar equations on a 3-brane with $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry embedded in a five dimensional bulk spacetime were obtained earlier by Maeda and Torii using the Gauss-Coddazzi projective approach in the framework of the Gaussian normal coordinates. We recover these equations on the brane in terms of differential forms and using a more general coordinate setting in the spirit of Arnowitt, Deser and Misner (ADM). The latter allows for acceleration of the normals to the brane surface through the lapse function and the shift vector. We show that the gravitational effects of the bulk space are transmitted to the brane through the projected ``electric'' 1-form field constructed from the conformal Weyl curvature 2-form of the bulk space. We also derive the evolution equations into the bulk space for the electric 1-form field, as well as for the ``magnetic'' 2-form field part of the bulk Weyl curvature 2-form. As expected, unlike on-brane equations, the evolution equations involve terms determined by the nonvanishing acceleration of the normals in the ADM-type slicing of spacetime

Contracting Tobacco Growing in Turkey

Tobacco is a very important product in Turkish agriculture and economy. As a result of a change in the privatization policies, the support of the state in tobacco (production) is abrogated. With the introduction of the new law (No: 4733) the marketing system of tobacco has totally changed and has been replaced with the auction system and contract production. In this study the tobacco production in the year 2002 is scrutinized in order to evaluate the effect of the contract production system on tobacco production by means of a field research in Manisa. The auction system will be launched in 2003, that is why it is not included in this study. According to the research findings the majority of the producers are not satisfied with the contract production system as the contractions are being prepared one-sided and producers do not have the right to haggle. The problems that occured in the application of this new law are suggested to be eliminated by adapting the auction system, akin to the one in the USA, which enables producers to partake in the marketing of the product

Interactive boundary-layer method for unsteady airfoil flows - Quasisteady model

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/76445/1/AIAA-25340-880.pd

Exact Solutions in Five-Dimensional Axi-dilaton Gravity with Euler-Poincare Term

We examine the effective field equations that are obtained from the axi-dilaton gravity action with a second order Euler-Poincare term and a cosmological constant in all higher dimensions. We solve these equations for five-dimensional spacetimes possessing homogeneity and isotropy in their three-dimensional subspaces. For a number of interesting special cases we show that the solutions fall into two main classes: The first class consists of time-dependent solutions with spherical or hyperboloidal symmetry which require certain fine-tuning relations between the coupling constants of the model and the cosmological constant. Solutions in the second class are locally static and prove the validity of Birkhoff's staticity theorem in the axi-dilaton gravity. We also give a special class of static solutions, among them the well-known black hole solutions in which the usual electric charge is superseded by an axion charge.Comment: New formulas and references adde

A numerical and experimental study of wavy ice structure in a parallel plate channel

The paper presents a numerical model for predicting steady-state ice formation inside a cooled, parallel plate channel. The study takes into account the strong interactions occuring between the turbulent flow, the shape of the ice and the heat transfer at the ice-water interface, which lead to the formation of wavy ice layers. The presented model is found to be able to predict realistic variations of the ice layer thickness for a wide range of Reynolds numbers and cooling parameters. The numerical results were verified by comparing with own measurements and good agreement was found

An ordinary differential equation for velocity distribution and dip-phenomenon in open channel flows

An ordinary differential equation for velocity distribution in open channel flows is presented based on an analysis of the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations and a log-wake modified eddy viscosity distribution. This proposed equation allows to predict the velocity-dip-phenomenon, i.e. the maximum velocity below the free surface. Two different degrees of approximations are presented, a semi-analytical solution of the proposed ordinary differential equation, i.e. the full dip-modified-log-wake law and a simple dip-modified-log-wake law. Velocity profiles of the two laws and the numerical solution of the ordinary differential equation are compared with experimental data. This study shows that the dip correction is not efficient for a small Coles' parameter, accurate predictions require larger values. The simple dip-modified-log-wake law shows reasonable agreement and seems to be an interesting tool of intermediate accuracy. The full dip-modified-log-wake law, with a parameter for dip-correction obtained from an estimation of dip positions, provides accurate velocity profiles

Transcriptome pathways unique to dehydration tolerant relatives of modern wheat

Among abiotic stressors, drought is a major factor responsible for dramatic yield loss in agriculture. In order to reveal differences in global expression profiles of drought tolerant and sensitive wild emmer wheat genotypes, a previously deployed shock-like dehydration process was utilized to compare transcriptomes at two time points in root and leaf tissues using the Affymetrix GeneChip(R) Wheat Genome Array hybridization. The comparison of transcriptomes reveal several unique genes or expression patterns such as differential usage of IP(3)-dependent signal transduction pathways, ethylene- and abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent signaling, and preferential or faster induction of ABA-dependent transcription factors by the tolerant genotype that distinguish contrasting genotypes indicative of distinctive stress response pathways. The data also show that wild emmer wheat is capable of engaging known drought stress responsive mechanisms. The global comparison of transcriptomes in the absence of and after dehydration underlined the gene networks especially in root tissues that may have been lost in the selection processes generating modern bread wheats

Titanium, Sinusitis, and the Yellow Nail Syndrome

Yellow nail syndrome is characterized by nail changes, respiratory disorders, and lymphedema. In a yellow nail patient with a skeletal titanium implant and with gold in her teeth, we found high levels of titanium in nail clippings. This study aims to examine the possible role of titanium in the genesis of the yellow nail syndrome. Nail clippings from patients with one or more features of the yellow nail syndrome were analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Titanium was regularly found in finger nails in patients but not in control subjects. Visible nail changes were present in only half of the patients. Sinusitis with postnasal drip and cough was the most common complaint. The dominant source of titanium ions was titanium implants in the teeth or elsewhere. The titanium ions were released through the galvanic action of dental gold or amalgam or through the oxidative action of fluorides. In other patients the titanium was derived from titanium dioxide in drugs and confectionary. Stopping galvanic release of titanium ions or canceling exposure to titanium dioxide led to recovery. In one patient with a titanium implant, the symptoms recurred after renewed exposure to titanium. Yellow nail syndrome is caused by titaniu