Methodology for the use of Equiverm-2.0% against equine parasite infections

The purpose of the research is to develop a methodology for Equiverm-2.0% paste used against equine parasite infections.The methodology provides a brief description of Equiverm-2.0%, mechanism of its action, pharmaco-toxicological properties, application, slaughter terms, and personal safety measures. Equiverm-2.0% antiparasitic paste consists of the active ingredient, ivermectin, and excipients; it is a light cream-coloured paste with a slight pine odor and sweetish taste. The drug is administered orally at a therapeutic dose of 0.2 mg/kg for the active substance. One gram of paste is equal to 1 mL in volume with 20 mg of ivermectin. Ivermectin in Equiverm-2.0% paste is in a dissolved form, and forms an intermolecular complex. The antiparasitic paste is packaged in disposable polyethylene syringe dispensers of 5 or 10 mL, respectively, 4 to 8 g each, per treated horse weighing 400-800 kg. When administered orally, the paste spreads in the oral cavity and the animal eats it with pleasure due to its sweetish taste. The drug is recommended for registration in the Russian Federation

Effect of syphaciosis on biochemical and clinical blood parameters of laboratory rats

The purpose of the research is to study the effect of syphaciosis on biochemical and clinical blood parameters of outbred rats.Materials and methods. Outbred male rats weighing 180–200 g were examined for helminth eggs by coproovoscopy and a Scotch tape test using a microscope Micromed 1 ver. 2-20. A biochemical blood assay was conducted on a Beckman Coulter DxC 700AU analyzer (USA), and a haematology test panel was made on a PCE 90-Vet analyzer (USA). Fenbendazole was used for preventive dehelminthization. Statistical processing was performed using the software Studet200.Results and discussion. The study results on biochemistry and hematology of the outbred rats’ blood showed a significant decrease in LDH levels and an increase in hematocrit in the animals infected with Syphacia spp

Effects of 2.0% Equiverm in high doses on the clinical state of the horses’ organism

The purpose of the research is to study the effect of the new antiparasitic 2.0% Equiverm in high doses on the clinical state of horses.Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted on 15 two-year-old crossbred horses weighing up to 300 kg spontaneously infected with Strongylata. To determine the effect of the antiparasitic paste on the horses, three groups of five horses each were formed. The first group of the horses was administered 2.0% Equiverm at a therapeutic dose; the second, at a three-fold increased dose, and the third, at a five-fold increased dose (0.2; 0.6 and 1.0 mg/kg for the active substance (AS), and 1.0; 3.0 and 5.0 mL per 100 kg of body weight for the drug). The horses’ clinical state was studied using standard methods. Blood samples for the study were taken from the jugular vein before the drug on the first, third and seventh days. The results obtained were statistically processed using the computer tool Microsoft Excel 2007.Results and discussion. It was found that the antiparasitic paste 2.0% Equiverm had no negative effect on clinical, hematological or biochemical parameters after a single oral administration at a therapeutic, three- and five-fold increased dose (0.2; 0.6 and 1.0 mg/kg for the AS, and 1.0; 3.0 and 5.0 mL per 100 kg of the body weight for the drug)

Методика по применению эквиверма-2,0% при паразитозах лошадей

The purpose of the research is to develop a methodology for Equiverm-2.0% paste used against equine parasite infections.The methodology provides a brief description of Equiverm-2.0%, mechanism of its action, pharmaco-toxicological properties, application, slaughter terms, and personal safety measures. Equiverm-2.0% antiparasitic paste consists of the active ingredient, ivermectin, and excipients; it is a light cream-coloured paste with a slight pine odor and sweetish taste. The drug is administered orally at a therapeutic dose of 0.2 mg/kg for the active substance. One gram of paste is equal to 1 mL in volume with 20 mg of ivermectin. Ivermectin in Equiverm-2.0% paste is in a dissolved form, and forms an intermolecular complex. The antiparasitic paste is packaged in disposable polyethylene syringe dispensers of 5 or 10 mL, respectively, 4 to 8 g each, per treated horse weighing 400-800 kg. When administered orally, the paste spreads in the oral cavity and the animal eats it with pleasure due to its sweetish taste. The drug is recommended for registration in the Russian Federation.Цель исследований – разработать методику по применению пасты эквиверм-2,0% при паразитозах лошадей.В методике приведена краткая характеристика эквиверма-2,0%, механизм его действия, фармакотоксикологические свойства, порядок применения, сроки убоя животных и меры личной безопасности. Противопаразитарная паста эквиверм-2,0% (Equiverm-2,0%) состоит из действующего вещества ивермектина и вспомогательных компонентов; представляет собой пасту светло-кремового цвета, с лёгким хвойным запахом, сладковатым вкусом. Препарат назначают перорально в терапевтической дозе 0,2 мг/кг по ДВ. 1 г пасты равен по объёму 1 мл с содержанием 20 мг ивермектина. Ивермектин в пасте эквиверм-2,0% находится в растворённом виде, образуя межмолекулярный комплекс. Противопаразитарная паста расфасована в одноразовые полиэтиленовые шприцы-дозаторы ёмкостью 5 или 10 мл, соответственно по 4-8 г в каждый, в расчете на обработку лошади массой 400–800 кг. При оральном введении паста растекается в полости рта и из-за сладковатого вкуса животное с удовольствием поедает ее. Препарат рекомендован к регистрации в Российской Федерации

Влияние сифациоза на биохимические и клинические показатели крови лабораторных крыс

The purpose of the research is to study the effect of syphaciosis on biochemical and clinical blood parameters of outbred rats.Materials and methods. Outbred male rats weighing 180–200 g were examined for helminth eggs by coproovoscopy and a Scotch tape test using a microscope Micromed 1 ver. 2-20. A biochemical blood assay was conducted on a Beckman Coulter DxC 700AU analyzer (USA), and a haematology test panel was made on a PCE 90-Vet analyzer (USA). Fenbendazole was used for preventive dehelminthization. Statistical processing was performed using the software Studet200.Results and discussion. The study results on biochemistry and hematology of the outbred rats’ blood showed a significant decrease in LDH levels and an increase in hematocrit in the animals infected with Syphacia spp.Цель исследований – изучение влияния сифациоза на биохимические и клинические показатели крови аутбредных крыс.Материалы и методы. Аутбредные крысы-самцы массой тела 180–200 г обследованы на наличие яиц гельминтов методами копроовоскопии и скотч-теста с использованием микроскопа «Микромед 1 вар.2-20». Биохимический анализ крови проведен на анализаторе Beckman Coulter DxC 700AU (США), гематологический анализ – на анализаторе PCE 90-Vet (США). Для профилактической дегельминтизации использовали фенбендазол. Статистическую обработку проводили с помощью компьютерной программы Studet200.Результаты и обсуждение. Результаты проведенных исследований по биохимии и гематологии крови аутбредных крыс, показали достоверное снижение уровня ЛДГ и повышение содержания гематокрита у животных, зараженных Syphacia spp

Влияние эквиверма-2,0% в повышенных дозах на клиническое состояние организма лошадей

The purpose of the research is to study the effect of the new antiparasitic 2.0% Equiverm in high doses on the clinical state of horses.Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted on 15 two-year-old crossbred horses weighing up to 300 kg spontaneously infected with Strongylata. To determine the effect of the antiparasitic paste on the horses, three groups of five horses each were formed. The first group of the horses was administered 2.0% Equiverm at a therapeutic dose; the second, at a three-fold increased dose, and the third, at a five-fold increased dose (0.2; 0.6 and 1.0 mg/kg for the active substance (AS), and 1.0; 3.0 and 5.0 mL per 100 kg of body weight for the drug). The horses’ clinical state was studied using standard methods. Blood samples for the study were taken from the jugular vein before the drug on the first, third and seventh days. The results obtained were statistically processed using the computer tool Microsoft Excel 2007.Results and discussion. It was found that the antiparasitic paste 2.0% Equiverm had no negative effect on clinical, hematological or biochemical parameters after a single oral administration at a therapeutic, three- and five-fold increased dose (0.2; 0.6 and 1.0 mg/kg for the AS, and 1.0; 3.0 and 5.0 mL per 100 kg of the body weight for the drug).Цель исследований – изучить влияние нового противопаразитарного препарата эквиверм-2,0% в повышенных дозах на клиническое состояние лошадей.Материалы и методы. Опыт проводили на 15 спонтанно инвазированных стронгилятами лошадях двухлетнего возраста помесных пород массой тела до 300 кг. Для определения влияния противопаразитарной пасты на организм лошадей были сформированы три группы по пять лошадей в каждой. Первой группе лошадей эквиверм-2,0% вводили в терапевтической, второй – в три раза и третьей – в пять раз увеличенной дозе (0,2; 0,6 и 1,0 мг/кг по ДВ, по препарату 1,0; 3,0 и 5,0 мл на 100 кг массы тела). Исследование клинического состояния лошадей проводили по общепринятым методам. Отбор крови из ярёмной вены для исследования проводили до введения препарата, на первые, третьи и седьмые сутки. Полученные результаты обработали статистически с использованием компьютерной программы Microsoft Excel 2007.Результаты и обсуждение. Установлено отсутствие отрицательного влияния противопаразитарной пасты эквиверм-2,0% при однократном оральном введении в терапевтической, 3 и 5 раз увеличенной дозе (0,2, 0,6 и 1,0 мг/кг по ДВ, по препарату 1, 3 и 5 мл на 100 кг массы) на клинические, гематологические и биохимические показатели

Experience of eradicating parasites of laboratory rats in conventional vivarium

The purpose of the research is to test different dehelminthization schemes of laboratory rats infected with cestodes Rodentolepis nana and nematodes Syphacia muris and evaluate the significance of combined environment disinfection measures. The practical experience of eradication (helminth eradication) in animals in a conventional vivarium was described.Materials and methods. Experiments were conducted to study the efficacy of anthelmintics and administration schemes against cestode and nematode infections in laboratory rats. In the first experiment, praziquantel was used at a dose of 10 mg/kg to treat rats infected with R. nana. In the second experiment, the comparative efficacy of fenbendazole, albendazole, and pyrantel was evaluated against syphaciosis at the recommended dosages of 20, 10, and 12.5 mg/kg, respectively. Each drug was given orally, individually, twice with an interval of 7 days. The third experiment tested different schemes for treating syphaciosis with fenbendazole. One group of rats was given the drug orally individually using an esophageal tube at a dose of 20 mg/kg once a day for 7 consecutive days. Other groups were given fenbendazole daily with food for 7 days (150 mg fenbendazole per 1 kg of food). In all three experiments, all animals were divided into groups, and their cells underwent a complex of additional disinfection measures, and those kept in cages without disinfection.Results and discussion. Praziquantel showed 100% efficacy at a single dose of 10 mg/kg in R. nana therapy. In animals without additional disinfection procedures, cestode eggs were again recorded starting from day 14 after the drug administration. In the group of animals with disinfection measures, pathogens were not detected during the experiment. Double administration of fenbendazole, albendazole and pyrantel in the recommended dosages against syphaciosis did not result in eradicated nematodes in the animals. The disinfection did not affect the obtained results. Fenbendazole administered daily for 7 days ensured helminth eradication in animals. However, on day 7 after the therapy, Syphacia sp. eggs were again found in the groups that received the drug individually intragastrically through a tube, regardless of whether their cells were disinfected. The animals that received fenbendazole with food and were regularly disinfested remained free from nematodes throughout the experiment until the additional disinfection measures were cancelled. In the absence of disinfection, released helminth eggs were recorded on day 14 after therapy

Фитопрепараты с антигельминтным действием. Миф или реальность

The purpose of the research is to study the anthelmintic action of an american drug intended for the treatment and prevention of helminthosis.Materials and methods. A test of the effectiveness of an antiparasitic drug (USA), which includes: extracts of Jerusalem oak, citron seed, pumpkin seeds, male fern, thyme, wheatgrass, pomegranate bark, quartz mineral, table salt, etc. According to the instructions for use, the drug (series 61571-574-15) tested at a dose of 200 mg/kg three times a day for 7 days for the purpose of prevention and for 14 days for treatment. The phytopreparation is intended for the treatment of helminthosis in cats, dogs, rodents and birds. Anthelmintic has no contraindications and side effects, as well as age restrictions. In the experiment, 20 male rats weighing 200–220 g at the age of 3 months were used, spontaneously infected with Syphacia obvelata and Aspiculuris tetraptera (mixed infection). The diagnosis was made on the basis of a study of rat feces samples for the presence of nematode eggs according to the Darling method using a solution of zinc sulfate with a density of 1.32. The number of eggs was counted in 1 g of feces by the conventional method. Animals were divided into equivalent experimental and control groups of 10 animals each. The number of nematode eggs in 1 g of feces amounted to 56.32 specimens for the experimental group. eggs of S. obvelata, 44.44 eggs of A. tetraptera and for the control – 50.60 and 48.52 respectively.Results and discussion. The results obtained indicate the absence of the anthelmintic effect of the american drug against S. obvelata and A. tetraptera in the recommended dose for 21 days. In addition, the animals were not only not released from the nematodes, but also reinfected, which allows us to conclude that there is no preventive effect. Цель исследований: изучение антигельмитного действия американского препарата, предназначенного для лечения и профилактики гельминтозов.Материалы и методы. Проведено испытание эффективности противопаразитарного препарата (США), в состав которого входят: экстракты иерусалимского дуба, цитварного семени, семян тыквы, мужского папоротника, тимьяна, пырея, коры граната, кварцевый минерал, поваренная соль и др. Согласно инструкции по применению, препарат (серия 61571-574-15) испытан в дозе 200 мг/кг три раза в сутки в течение 7 сут с целью профилактики и в течение 14 сут для лечения. Фитопрепарат предназначен для лечения гельминтозов у кошек, собак, грызунов и птиц. Антигельминтик не имеет противопоказаний и побочных эффектов, а также возрастных ограничений. В опыте использовали 20 крыс-самцов массой 200–220 г в возрасте 3 мес., спонтанно инвазированных сифациями и аспикулюрисами (смешанная инвазия). Диагноз ставили на основании исследования проб фекалий крыс на наличие яиц нематод по методу Дарлинга с использованием раствора сульфата цинка плотностью 1,32. Число яиц подсчитывали в 1 г фекалий общепринятым методом. Животных разделили на равноценные опытную и контрольную группы по 10 голов в каждой. Число яиц нематод в 1 г фекалий составило для опытной группы 56,32 экз. яиц Syphacia obvelata, 44,44 экз. яиц Aspiculuris tetraptera и для контрольной – 50,60 и 48,52 экз. соответственно.Результаты и обсуждение. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют об отсутствии антигельминтного эффекта американского препарата в отношении сифаций и аспикулюрисов в рекомендуемой дозе в течение 21 сут. Кроме того, животные не только не освободились от нематод, но и повторно заражались, что позволяет сделать вывод и об отсутствии профилактического действия.

Evaluation of supramolecular complex of fenbendazole effect on embryonic development

The purpose of the research is to study the embryotropic effect of supramolecular complex of fenbendazole (SMСF).Materials and methods. The experiment to assess the embryotropic properties of SMCF was carried out on 40 white female and 20 male rats in accordance with the Guidelines for the experimental (preclinical) study of new pharmacological substances. Pregnant female rats were divided into 3 experimental and one control groups. SMCF was administered intragastrically on the 1–6 days of embryogenesis (group 1); on the 7–14 days (group 2) and on the 15–19 days (group 3) in three times therapeutic dose – 6,0 mg/kg of active substance. The animals of the control group received saline from the first to the 19th days of pregnancy. Rats were euthanized on the 20th day of pregnancy. The uterus with fetuses was removed after laparotomy, the number of corpora lutea, implantation sites, the number of living, dead and resorbed fetuses were recorded, the weight and diameter of the placenta were determined. The embryos were examined, weighed, the craniocaudal sizes were determined, the levels of total embryonic, preimplantation and postimplantation embryo death were calculated. The fetuses were examined for abnormalities of internal organs and changes in the skeletal system according to the methods of J. G. Wilson (1965) and A. B. Dawson (1926), modified in the department of embryology of the IEM of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences.Results and discussion. As a result, SMCF does not induce toxic effects on the fetus: mortality rates, size and weight of embryos were at the level of the control group in a threefold therapeutic dose 6,0 mg/kg at intragastric administration on the 1–6; 7–14 and 15–19 days of pregnancy. SMCF did not cause external and internal malformations

Micromagnetic modeling of critical current oscillations in magnetic Josephson junctions

© 2016 American Physical Society.In this work we propose and explore an effective numerical approach for investigation of critical current dependence on applied magnetic field for magnetic Josephson junctions with in-plane magnetization orientation. This approach is based on micromagnetic simulation of the magnetization reversal process in the ferromagnetic layer with introduced internal magnetic stiffness and subsequent reconstruction of the critical current value using total flux or reconstructed actual phase difference distribution. The approach is flexible and shows good agreement with experimental data obtained on Josephson junctions with ferromagnetic barriers. Based on this approach we have obtained a critical current dependence on applied magnetic field for rectangular magnetic Josephson junctions with high size aspect ratio. We have shown that the rectangular magnetic Josephson junctions can be considered for application as an effective Josephson magnetic memory element with the value of critical current defined by the orientation of magnetic moment at zero magnetic field. An impact of shape magnetic anisotropy on critical current is revealed and discussed. Finally, we have considered a curling magnetic state in the ferromagnetic layer and demonstrated its impact on critical current