Antidiabetogenic Features of Benzimidazoles

Literature data on the insulinogenic effect of 2-aminobenzimidazole prompted us to investigate its novel derivatives, particularly those containing an additional fused cycle in C1,2-α position, including imidazole, dihydroimidazole, or tetrahydropyrimidine ring. Consensus analysis of the hypoglycemic effect of these compounds performed with IT Microcosm and PASS system revealed that activity is mostly characteristic for N9-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazole derivatives. Substructural analysis of hypoglycemic activity identified substituents that determine the greatest pharmacological effect. According to the in silico assessment of the ADME properties, RU-254 was nominated as a lead compound due to the most optimal calculated and experimental activity and pharmacokinetic parameters. Preclinical studies have shown that identified compound has a pronounced insulinogenic effect and hypoglycemic effect, both in intact animals and in animals with experimental diabetes mellitus. RU-254 also reduces the level of glycated hemoglobin upon chronic administration, slightly decreases the activity of DPP-4, and increases the average number of Langerhans islets in the pancreas. Pharmaceutical drug formulation of RU-254 was developed and investigated for pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and toxicological properties. The dosage form of the drug under the name limiglidol (compound RU-254, diabenol) was evaluated in the full cycle of clinical studies that confirmed the safety, tolerability, and prominent antidiabetic properties of the drug

Academic stress and its effect on medical students’ mental health status

This review aimed to analyze the data on features of a medical students’ mental status and its dynamics in the course of study. The analysis was applied to the scientific publications (mainly over the past 5 years) on the issue of academic stress and medical students’ mental status in different countries from computer databases: PubMed, Medical-Science, eLibrary, Web of Science, and Scopu

CMS systems in rapeseed and their use in the breeding of domestic hybrids

Development of heterotic hybrids is the most efficient approach to solve the problem of increasing the yield of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), a leading oilseed crop. The cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), widely used in rapeseed hybrid seed production, makes it possible to control hybridization between female and male lines. A review of publications on the nature of CMS systems in rapeseed and their utilization in breeding is presented. In rapeseed there are more than 10 known CMS systems of alloplasmic and homoplasmic origin. The male sterility character proved to be determined by chimeric mitochondrial genes, characterized by the presence of novel transcribed open reading frames (orf). Mitochondrial CMS genes associated with nap, pol, ogu and Nsa sterility types as well as nuclear Rf genes for pollen fertility restoration were identified. Molecular marker systems for identification of CMS-inducing and male fertility restoring genes were developed. The ogu, pol, MSL and inap CMS systems are commonly used for producing industrial rapeseed hybrids. The State Register of the Russian Federation for 2019 contains rapeseed hybrids of only foreign origin. Main achievements in domestic rapeseed hybrid production are highlighted. Research and breeding institutions developed new source material for rapeseed hete rotic hybrid breeding in various regions of the country. The sterility and fertility restoration sources were received from Canadian and French institutions as well as from domestic working collections. The yield structure traits did not deteriorate after transferring hybrid maternal lines to the sterile cytoplasm, while the glucosinolate content increased when pollen fertility restoring genes were transferred into paternal lines. Dihaploid (androclinium) lines and in vitro culture of unfertilized ovules were used to accelerate the breeding process. Experimental hybrids were developed using pol and ogu CMS

Codification of Terminology: a Case Study of English Legal Terms

The present paper is devoted to the phenomenon of codification and the main inconsistencies between the theoretical requirements for a term and actual terminological units found in terminological dictionaries of law. The paper presents the analysis of terms used in the legal sphere. The objective of the research is to identify and classify the inconsistencies that have a direct impact on codification as the last stage of the creation of a terminological dictionary. Particular attention is paid to the study of the content plane of legal terms listed in English terminological dictionaries as well as their expression plane. The authors conclude that at both levels (those of the content plane and the expression plane) and at the level of functioning the inconsist- encies raise important issues concerning further development of both terminography as a field of science and the dictionary-making process taking place today

Model of Self-Identification of Youth in the Global Communication Environment

Identity is the result of an identification process. The essence of the identification process is expressed in the acceptance of a certain social role by an individual in the process of entering a social group. The psychological meaning of the phenomenon of “identity” reflects the inner identity and integrity of an individual. This phenomenon can affect both an individual and a group. The novelty of the research is determined by the fact that important factors in the process of identity development are specific events in the past and present, periods of crisis and changes in the history of society. It is shown that the main psychological mechanism for the development of identity is identification associated with the interaction between an individual and a social group. The development of personality identity includes a number of types of identity and continues during ontogenesis, is a dynamic and uneven process. The authors show that the concept of national identity within the framework of various fields of psychological science can relate to a group and a person. The practical significance of the study is determined by the fact that in the study the authors understand national identity as the cognitive and emotional awareness of a person of his own belonging to a particular nation, which has its own characteristics. Student (late adolescence) age is decisive in the formation of a person's identity and sensitive for the development of his national identity. The psychological mechanism for the development of a person's national identity at this age is national identification. An insufficient study of the development of the national identity of student youth has been established

Cytoplasmic male sterility and prospects for its utilization in breeding, genetic studies and seed production of potato

Increasing interest to cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and searching for restoration of pollen fertility (Rf) genes in potato is determined by a new way in the modern breeding of this important crop, the development of heterotic hybrids obtained after crosses of inbred diploid lines. The paper reviews the main results of studies on CMS-Rf genetic systems in different species of cultivated plants, the modern methods and approaches of investigating molecular mechanisms of CMS and pollen fertility restoration, and also the available literature data on the status of these studies in potato. The nature of chimeric mitochondrial genes accounting for cytoplasmic male sterility is considered; the peculiarities of the structure and functions of restoration of pollen fertility genes are discussed; examples of CMS-Rf genetic systems in cultivated plant species including representatives of the family Solanaceae are presented. The main results of research on molecular mechanisms of CMS and fertility restoration obtained in the post-genomic era for various plant species using methods of transcriptomic and proteomic analyses are provided. As in many plant species, cytoplasmic male sterility in potato is of hybrid origin. The results of investigating genetic control of male sterility in potato are presented that have been carried out using conventional approaches (hybridological analysis) and led to the formation of the concept of genic cytoplasmic male sterility in some species of section Petota of the genus Solanum. The characteristics of potato cytoplasms types which are associated with male sterility are given. According to classification of Hosaka, Sanetomo (2012), these types include: T/beta, W/gamma and D, each distinguished by the phenotypic appearance of male sterility traits and also by the frequency of occurrence in the breeding varieties gene pool and in various potato species. The results of studies on developing DNA markers for identification of various potato cytoplasm types are presented

MONITORING OF BACTERIAL AGENTS - ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS OF MASS GASTRO-INTESTINAL DISEASES OF YOUNG POULTRY

The work presents the results of epizootological monitoring of mass gastro-intestinal diseases of young poultry in the Irkutsk Region. As a result of the poultry sickness rate analysis covering the period, of 2006-2010 the following nosological units have been distinguished: colibacteriosis (37,3 %), salmonellosis (25,4 %), pasteurellosis (19,8 %), spirochetosis (14,4 %), staphylococcus diseases (2,9 %), infectiouslaryngotracheitis (0,2 %). The results of the monitoring research, indicated that gastro-intestinal diseases are caused, by a wide range of opportunistic pathogenic microflora agents. However, these bacteria groups are mostly represented by microorganisms Enterobacteriaceae family of Escherichia and Salmonella types. The research established not only wide diversity of the distinguished serological colon bacillus and. salmonella varieties, but also fluctuations in their proportion in the common structure of the distinguished culture in the examined time interval

Resistance of modern spring barley cultivars to harmful organisms

Background. Diseases and pests cause great damage to barley stands and harvests. Harvest losses from harmful organisms reach 25–30%.Materials and methods. During 2017–2020, 46 spring barley cultivars from the VIR collection, listed in the State Register for Selection Achievements, were studied for their resistance to fritfly, net and spot blotches, brown rust, and powdery mildew. The tests were carried out in the field with provocative colonization by fritfly and under natural infection pressure of leaf pathogens.Results and conclusions. In 2017, net blotch predominated over other diseases. In 2018, there was an epyphytotic outburst of spot blotch, and cultivars with weak development of this disease were identified. In 2019 and 2020, the incidence of brown rust and powdery mildew was significant, and the virulence of fritfly increased greatly in the same years. Field tests resulted in identification of 3 barley accessions resistant to fritfly: ‘Odon’ (k-31118, Buryatia), ‘Miar’ (k-31203, Orenburg Province), and ‘Omsky 99’ (k-31230, Omsk Province). Cv. ‘Posada’ (k-31245, Germany) was weakly affected by fritfly, brown rust and powdery mildew. Cultivars were selected for their low susceptibility to powdery mildew (up to 5%): ‘Chiraz’ (k-31131, Denmark), ‘Cheerio’ (k-31297, Denmark), and ‘Odyssey’ (k-31333, England), and brown rust: ‘Chiraz’ (k-31131, Denmark), ‘Eifel’ (k-31249, France), ‘Ursa’ (k-31339), and ‘Sunshine’ (k-31129, Germany). Such long-term assessment results can be used in breeding programs to develop cultivars with group or complex resistance to harmful organisms

Simulation models in terms of integration of the energy markets

© Medwell Journals, 2017. Study considers to the modeling of wholesale energy markets in the context of implementation of the roadmap. We use a comprehensive simulation model to study the influence of structural factors on the development of national and regional energy. In addition, we evaluate the impact of the generating companies specifically its impact on prices, offers and sales of electric power on the market without a reaction from competitors. The results of the study are discussed in relation to the road map in energy. Our findings are also applicable to wholesale energy markets, the EU and Russia