BIOAKUMULACIJA LIPOSOLUBILNIH ONEČIŠĆIVAČA U VODENIM SUSTAVIMA

One of the major problems of water pollution is the capability of pollutants to concentrate in aquatic organisms. Bioaccumulation and bioconcentration of such chemicals in fish render it unsuitable for human consumption. Bioconcentration of water pollutants through algae, zooplankton and other organisms, can lead to their accumulation through food.chain, with the fish at the top of the pelagic food web. The occurrence of elevated residue levels of various xenobiotics with increasing trophic level has been demonstrated in a variety of aquatic environments and organisms. The increased bioconcentration occurs with increasing trophic level. The tendency of a chemical to bioconcentrate has been shown to be strongly related to its lipophilicity. Trophic.level differences in bioconcentration are due largely to increased lipid content and decreased chemical elimination efficiency of organisms occupying increasing trophic levels. The accumulation of pollutant is expressed as the bioconcentration factor (BCF), which is determined as the rate of its uptake to the organism and its elimination from it plus the organism growth rate. Chemical uptake efficiency from water, excretion rate, and chemical assimilation efficiency are variable as a function of the octanol.water partition coefficient (Kow).Jedan od najvećih problema onečišćenja vode raznim onečišćivačima jest u tome što se oni mogu koncentrirati u vodenim organizmima. Bioakumulacija i biokoncentracija onečišćivača u ribi čine takvu ribu nepogodnom za ljudsku prehranu. Biokoncentracija onečišćivača iz vode preko algi, zooplanktona i drugih organizama može dovesti do njihove akumulacije preko prehrambenog lanca, s ribom na vrhu pelagičkoga prehrambenog niza. Pojava povišene razine ksenobiotika uz povišenje trofične razine prisutna je u brojnim vodenim sustavima i organizmima koji žive u vodi. Tendencija neke kemijske tvari prema biokoncentraciji vrlo je usko vezana s njezinom lipofilnošću. Razlike trofičnih razina u biokoncentraciji posljedica su povećanog sadržaja lipida i smanjene sposobnosti kemijske eliminacije organizama viših trofičnih razina. Mogućnost nakupljanja polutanata u organizmu može se odrediti biokoncentracijskim faktorom (BCF), koji je odnos stupnja unosa i stupnja eliminacije određenoga spoja zbrojen sa stupnjem rasta organizma. Djelotvornost unosa kemijske supstancije iz vode, stupanj izlučivanja, te učinkovitost kemijske asimilacije ovise o kemijskom koeficijentu odnosa oktanola i vode (Kow)

Hepatocyte Growth Factor Levels in Croatian Healthy and Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis Patients

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a most potent hepatocyte mitogen, and plays a mayor role in liver regeneration during injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate HGF values in Croatian healthy and alcoholic liver cirrhosis patients (AC). The HGF and standard laboratory tests of liver damage were measured in 33 AC patients, and 41 healthy subjects. HGF was measured by using an ELISA method. The HGF levels were higher in cirrhotic patients than in healthy subjects (median value is 0.78 vs. 0.19 ng/ml, p < 0.001). Japanese study showed similar values of HGF for healthy subjects and AC subjects. The HGF values in patients depend on grade of illness. There was found significant correlation between HGF and almost all standard liver damage tests. The ROC analysis showed that measuring of HGF had convincingly best accuracy than other parameters, and seems to be useful in classifying grade of illness

SHELL DISEASES AND TOXINS REGULATED BY LAW

U Hrvatskoj postoji duga tradicija uzgoja školjaka, uz perspektivu daljnjeg razvoja školjkarstva. Budući da su školjke osjetljivi organizmi koji zahtijevaju posebne uvjete uzgoja i klime, podložne su i mnogim bolestima. Bonamiozu, haplosporidiozu, marteiliozu, mikrocitozu i perkinsozu navodi Međunarodni ured za epizootije kao bolesti školjaka koje se prijavljuju po zakonu, a iridovirozu kao bolest od potencijalnog međunarodnog značenja. Iste su bolesti Zakonom o veterinarstvu iz godine 1997. regulirane kao zarazne bolesti školjaka čije je sprečavanje i suzbijanje od interesa za Republiku Hrvatsku. Iako se ne suzbija po zakonu, u tekstu je ovoga članka, zbog svoje važnosti, opisana i Mytilicola bolest. Prema Pravilniku Ministarstva zdravstva iz godine 1994., jestivi dio školjaka pretražuje se na toksine nekih morskih dinoflagelata, koji mogu biti štetni za ljudsko zdravlje, a to su PSP (Paralytic Shellfish Poison), DSP (Diarrhoeic Shellfish Poison) i NSP (Neuroparalytic Shellfish Poison).There is a long tradition of cultivating shells in Croatia, and the shell industry has a good perspective of further development. Since shells are delicate organisms that require special breeding conditions and climate, they are also subject to many diseases. Bonamiosis, haplospioridiosis, marteiliosis, microcytosis and perkinsosis are stated by the International Bureau for Epizootics as shell diseases that, in keeping with law, must be reported, and iridovirosis as a disease of a potential international importance. The same diseases are regulated by the Veterinary Law from 1997 as infectious diseases prevention of which is of an interest for the Republic of Croatia. Although, according to the law, it does not have to be prevented, in this article the disease Mytilicola is also described. According to the Health Department Statute from 1994, eatable part of shells are being tested for toxins of some marine dinoflagelates that can damage human health, and these are PSP (Paralytic Shellfish Poison), DSP (Diarrhoeic Shellfish Poison) and NSP (Neuroparalytic Shellfish Poison)

SHELL DISEASES AND TOXINS REGULATED BY LAW

U Hrvatskoj postoji duga tradicija uzgoja školjaka, uz perspektivu daljnjeg razvoja školjkarstva. Budući da su školjke osjetljivi organizmi koji zahtijevaju posebne uvjete uzgoja i klime, podložne su i mnogim bolestima. Bonamiozu, haplosporidiozu, marteiliozu, mikrocitozu i perkinsozu navodi Međunarodni ured za epizootije kao bolesti školjaka koje se prijavljuju po zakonu, a iridovirozu kao bolest od potencijalnog međunarodnog značenja. Iste su bolesti Zakonom o veterinarstvu iz godine 1997. regulirane kao zarazne bolesti školjaka čije je sprečavanje i suzbijanje od interesa za Republiku Hrvatsku. Iako se ne suzbija po zakonu, u tekstu je ovoga članka, zbog svoje važnosti, opisana i Mytilicola bolest. Prema Pravilniku Ministarstva zdravstva iz godine 1994., jestivi dio školjaka pretražuje se na toksine nekih morskih dinoflagelata, koji mogu biti štetni za ljudsko zdravlje, a to su PSP (Paralytic Shellfish Poison), DSP (Diarrhoeic Shellfish Poison) i NSP (Neuroparalytic Shellfish Poison).There is a long tradition of cultivating shells in Croatia, and the shell industry has a good perspective of further development. Since shells are delicate organisms that require special breeding conditions and climate, they are also subject to many diseases. Bonamiosis, haplospioridiosis, marteiliosis, microcytosis and perkinsosis are stated by the International Bureau for Epizootics as shell diseases that, in keeping with law, must be reported, and iridovirosis as a disease of a potential international importance. The same diseases are regulated by the Veterinary Law from 1997 as infectious diseases prevention of which is of an interest for the Republic of Croatia. Although, according to the law, it does not have to be prevented, in this article the disease Mytilicola is also described. According to the Health Department Statute from 1994, eatable part of shells are being tested for toxins of some marine dinoflagelates that can damage human health, and these are PSP (Paralytic Shellfish Poison), DSP (Diarrhoeic Shellfish Poison) and NSP (Neuroparalytic Shellfish Poison)

Guided Bone Regeneration with Application of Titanium Membrane (Clinical experience)

U implantologiji i parodontologiji se u svrhu kontrole regeneracije koštanoga tkiva rabe resorptivne i neresorptivne membrane.U ovome radu prikazana su iskustva dobivena uporabom neresorptivne titan neperforirane membrane. U slučajevima velikih koštanih defekata s namjerom ugradnje usadaka “Paraplant 2000” simultano smo upotrebljavali titan membrane kako bi se dobio koštani volumen odmah nakon ugradnje usadka u defekt. Fiksacija titan membrane provedena je s pomoću “Currasan” seta. Kod obrađenih i prikazanih slučajeva ustanovili smo opsežnu koštanu regeneraciju nakon 75 dana. Time i opravdanost uporabe titan membrane.Resorbable and non-resorbable membranes are used in implantology and periodontology for guided bone regeneration. This paper shows experience that has been gained from using non-resorbable titanium non-perforated membrane. In case of large bone defects with intention to place an implant “Paraplant 2000” we simultaneously use titanium membrane for building up bone volume immediately after positioning implant into the defect. Fixation of titanium membrane has been performed with “Currasan” fixation set. In the processed and presented cases we have determined significant volume of bone regeneration after 75 days which validate application of titanium membrane

PCR AS DIAGNOSTIC METHOD IN AQUACULTURE

PCR je akronim za »polymerase chain reaction« (metoda lančane reakcije polimeraza), tehniku koja se temelji na otkrivanju i umnožavanju specifičnih DNA odnosno RNA sljedova. Može se primijeniti u dijagnostici nasljednih bolesti, forenzici, populacijskoj genetici, sistematici, bioinženjerstvu, evolucijskoj biologiji, pa i u akvakulturi. Ovom je metodom moguće dijagnosticirati niz virusnih, bakterijskih i parazitarnih bolesti riba, školjaka i rakova. Prednosti tehnike očituju se u brzom dobivanju rezultata, visokoj specifičnosti i osjetljivosti.PCR is an acronym for »polymerase chain reaction«, a technique based on detection and amplification of specific DNA and RNA sequences. It can be applied in diagnostics of hereditary diseases, forensics, population genetics, systematics, bioengineering, evolution biology, and also aquaculture. With this method it is possible to diagnose an array of viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases of fish, shellfish and crustaceans. The advantages of the technique are manifested in rapid obtaining of results, high specificity and sensitivity

Preparation and Structure of Disodium Thorium Bisphosphate, Na2Th(P04 )2

Na2Th(P04 ) 2 was investigated as a part of our study in the structure chemistry of alkali thorium and zirnonium orthophosphates

Preparation and Structure of Disodium Thorium Bisphosphate, Na2Th(P04 )2

Na2Th(P04 ) 2 was investigated as a part of our study in the structure chemistry of alkali thorium and zirnonium orthophosphates