A case of type 1 Gaucher disease

(Key words: type I Gaucher disease

Case Reports A case of chronic granulomatous disease

(Key words: Chronic granulomatous disease; phagocyte deficiencies

Flagellin Is an Effective Adjuvant for Immunization against Lethal Respiratory Challenge with Yersinia pestis

Gram-negative flagellin, a Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) agonist, is a potent inducer of innate immune effectors such as cytokines and nitric oxide. In the lung, flagellin induces a localized and transient innate immune response characterized by neutrophil infiltration and the production of cytokines and chemokines. In view of the extraordinary potency of flagellin as an inducer of innate immunity and the contribution of innate responses to the development of adaptive immunity, we evaluated the efficacy of recombinant Salmonella flagellin as an adjuvant in an acellular plague vaccine. Mice immunized intranasally or intratracheally with the F1 antigen of Yersinia pestis and flagellin exhibited dramatic increases in anti-F1 plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers that remained stable over time. In contrast, control mice had low or undetectable antibody responses. The IgG1/IgG2a ratio of antibody titers against F1 in immunized mice is consistent with a Th2 bias. However, no significant antigen-specific IgE production was detected. Interferons, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-6 were not essential for the adjuvant effects of flagellin. Preexisting antiflagellin antibodies had no significant effect on the adjuvant activity of flagellin. Importantly, intranasal immunization with flagellin and the F1 antigen was protective against intranasal challenge with virulent Y. pestis CO92, with 93 to 100% survival of immunized mice. Lastly, vaccination of cynomolgus monkeys with flagellin and a fusion of the F1 and V antigens of Y. pestis induced a robust antigen-specific IgG antibody response

A child with acute suppurative thyroiditis

Acute suppurative thyroiditis is a rare inflammatory disease caused by bacterial, fungal or rarely parasitic infection of the thyroid gland. Of 224 reported cases of thyroid infection 153 were bacterial, 33 were fungal an

In Vitro Trafficking and Efficacy of Core-Shell Nanostructures for Treating Intracellular Salmonella Infections

Nanostructures encapsulating gentamicin and having either amphiphilic (N1) or hydrophilic (N2) surfaces were designed. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy studies demonstrated a higher rate of uptake for amphiphilic surfaces. A majority of N1 were localized in the cytoplasm, whereas N2 colocalized with the endosomes/lysosomes. Colocalization was not observed between nanostructures and intracellular Salmonella bacteria. However, significant in vitro reductions in bacterial counts (0.44 log 10 ) were observed after incubation with N1, suggesting that the surface property of the nanostructure influences intracellular bacterial clearance