Assessment of perimenopausal bleeding

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the most common presenting complaints encountered in a Gynecologist's office and accounts for almost 10% consultations in any busy out-patient clinic. Perimenopause is defined as the time around menopause during which menstrual cycle and endocrine changes are occurring but 12 months of amenorrhea has not yet occurred. Patients usually present first to their family physicians, who can do most of the diagnostic workup and management.Methods: 200 women of perimenopausal age group with AUB presenting to gynecology OPD and wards of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SAMC & PGI, Indore. The study was conducted from May 2013 to April 2014.Results: In our present study majority (57%) of the women in our study were in the age group 40-45 years and rest were having age more than 46 years. In our present study 52% of the women presented with menorrhagia, 16.5% presented with polymenorrhagia, 11.5% presented with metropathia haemorrhagica, 9% presented with polymenorrhoea, 4.5% presented with metrorrhagia.Conclusions: There are various menstrual irregularities during perimenopausal period, some due to variation in hormones which are physiological some due to pathological changes. Every case of perimenopausal bleeding needs evaluation. Base line investigations should be offered to all the patients. Public awareness programme in the community and yearly physical checkup should be advised to all the patients

Assessment of perimenopausal bleeding

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the most common presenting complaints encountered in a Gynecologist's office and accounts for almost 10% consultations in any busy out-patient clinic. Perimenopause is defined as the time around menopause during which menstrual cycle and endocrine changes are occurring but 12 months of amenorrhea has not yet occurred. Patients usually present first to their family physicians, who can do most of the diagnostic workup and management.Methods: 200 women of perimenopausal age group with AUB presenting to gynecology OPD and wards of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SAMC & PGI, Indore. The study was conducted from May 2013 to April 2014.Results: In our present study majority (57%) of the women in our study were in the age group 40-45 years and rest were having age more than 46 years. In our present study 52% of the women presented with menorrhagia, 16.5% presented with polymenorrhagia, 11.5% presented with metropathia haemorrhagica, 9% presented with polymenorrhoea, 4.5% presented with metrorrhagia.Conclusions: There are various menstrual irregularities during perimenopausal period, some due to variation in hormones which are physiological some due to pathological changes. Every case of perimenopausal bleeding needs evaluation. Base line investigations should be offered to all the patients. Public awareness programme in the community and yearly physical checkup should be advised to all the patients

Soluble non-toxic carbon nano-rods for the selective sensing of iron(iii) and chromium(vi)

Herein, we report a simpler functionalization of the CNR by the amine (2,2′-(ethylenedioxy)-bis(ethylamine)) (H 2NCH 2CH 2OCH 2CH 2OCH 2CH 2NH 2 (EDA)) molecules as a surface passivating agent to achieve soluble functionalized carbon nano-rods (f-CNR). The surface-functionalized fluorescent f-CNR exhibited the quantum yield value of ∼16% and were used as a fluorescent probe for the selective detection of the Cr(vi) and Fe(iii) ions in a homogeneous aqueous phase based on fluorescence quenching. In particular, the limits of the detection for both metal ions were obtained to be ∼43 nM for Fe(iii) and ∼11 nM for Cr(vi), which were quite significant in aqueous media. Moreover, the f-CNR showed non-toxicity and was biocompatible with Escherichia coli (E. coli) (ATCC 25922) cells when tested up to 9 mg mL -1.</p

Identification of Pestalotiopsis bicilita, Diplodia seriata and Diaporthe eres causing fruit rot in withered grapes in Italy

Pestalotiopsis biciliata, Diplodia seriata and Diaporthe eres were recovered from severely diseased bunches of withered grapes for Amarone wine production. To our knowledge this post-harvest disease has never been seen before in withered grapes. Fruit rot occurred with bunches containing decayed berries partially or totally covered by whit- ish mycelium. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses of fungal isolates from symptomatic fruits enabled species delimitation. Pathogenicity tests re- vealed that the three species are able to infect grape berries confirming that they are casual agents of fruit rot. This study provides preliminary insights on this post-harvest disease that might have important im- plications in grape quality