Piloting a scale-up platform for high-quality human T-cells production

Copyright \ua9 2024 Selvarajan, Teo, Chang, Ng, Cheong, Sivalingam, Khoo, Wong and Loo. Cell and gene therapies are an innovative solution to various severe diseases and unfulfilled needs. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT), a form of cellular immunotherapies, has been favored in recent years due to the approval of chimeric antigen receptor CAR-T products. Market research indicates that the industry’s value is predicted to reach USD 24.4 billion by 2030, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 21.5%. More importantly, ACT is recognized as the hope and future of effective, personalized cancer treatment for healthcare practitioners and patients worldwide. The significant global momentum of this therapeutic approach underscores the urgent need to establish it as a practical and standardized method. It is essential to understand how cell culture conditions affect the expansion and differentiation of T-cells. However, there are ongoing challenges in ensuring the robustness and reproducibility of the manufacturing process. The current study evaluated various adoptive T-cell culture platforms to achieve large-scale production of several billion cells and high-quality cellular output with minimal cell death. It examined factors such as bioreactor parameters, media, supplements and stimulation. This research addresses the fundamental challenges of scalability and reproducibility in manufacturing, which are essential for making adoptive T-cell therapy an accessible and powerful new class of cancer therapeutics

Wound Healing Ethnomedicinal Plants Popular among the Malayali Tribes in Vattal Hills, Dharmapuri, TN, India

Healing of chronic lower extremity wounds is a global problem, especially in developing countries where traditional medicine is often used by the people in remote places. India has a rich tradition of plant based knowledge pertinent to healthcare. A survey of ethnomedicinal plant species used by Malayali’s to heal cut/ wounds in Vattal Hills of Dharmapuri was made. A large number of plants/ extracts/ decoctions/ pastes are used by tribals to heal wounds, cuts and burns. In the present study, an attempt has been made to document ethnobotanical knowledge base and methods employed by Malayali’s for treatment of cut/ wounds. A large number of ethnomedicinal plants used by the Malayali’s have not been validated for wound healing potential. The present investigation resulted in the identification of 82 medicinal plant species distributed across 39 families that are used by Malayali’s to heal cut/ wounds. This study is an attempt to gather the information on the existing ethnobotanical knowledge base and document the traditional claims toward the development of safe of effective herbal drugs for cut/ wounds. Results of the study is organized in table form depicting the botanical name, family, vernacular name and habit with a brief note on plant parts used and method of administration

Wireless end-to-end image transmission system using semantic communications

Semantic communication is considered the future of mobile communication, which aims to transmit data beyond Shannon's theorem of communications by transmitting the semantic meaning of the data rather than the bit-by-bit reconstruction of the data at the receiver's end. The semantic communication paradigm aims to bridge the gap of limited bandwidth problems in modern high-volume multimedia application content transmission. Integrating AI technologies with the 6G communications networks paved the way to develop semantic communication-based end-to-end communication systems. In this study, we have implemented a semantic communication-based end-to-end image transmission system, and we discuss potential design considerations in developing semantic communication systems in conjunction with physical channel characteristics. A Pre-trained GAN network is used at the receiver as the transmission task to reconstruct the realistic image based on the Semantic segmented image at the receiver input. The semantic segmentation task at the transmitter (encoder) and the GAN network at the receiver (decoder) is trained on a common knowledge base, the COCO-Stuff dataset. The research shows that the resource gain in the form of bandwidth saving is immense when transmitting the semantic segmentation map through the physical channel instead of the ground truth image in contrast to conventional communication systems. Furthermore, the research studies the effect of physical channel distortions and quantization noise on semantic communication-based multimedia content transmission

Oyster resources of Athankarai estuary, southeast coast of India

The oyster Crassostrea madrasensis is distributed at several places along the east and southwest coasts of India (Rao 1969, Alagarswami and Narasimham 1973) and has good economic potential but so far resources survey of the shellfish populations has not been carried out in any area. Estimates of the standing stocks are essential for planning exploitation of the oyster resources. A precise knowledge of the natural stocks and the ecological conditions in which they abound is especially necessary to plan and conduct oyster culture which is essential for large scale exploitation. Beds of oysters bslonging to the species Crassostrea madrasensis are present in Athankarai Estuary at Athankarai near Mandapam Camp on the southeast coast of India. The highly nutritious shellfish resources are not exploited by people of the area for food. Only occasionally oyster shells are collected and burnt in small kilns and converted into lime. The oyster resources of the estuary have been surveyed. The general features of the Athankarai estuary, hydrological conditions, ecologically associated fauna and flora, distribution and magnitude of standing stocks of oysters, and seasonal changes in meat of oysters have been studied and the results are presented here

Anti-Hyperglycaemic properties of an ethanolic extract from Costus spicatus (jacq) on Streptozotocin-induced diabetic male albino Wistar rats

In this contribution, for the first time an ethanolic extract of Costus spicatus, was screened for evaluating its composition followed by its in vitro antidiabetic activity. Both spectrometric and gas chromatography techniques were employed along with the antidiabetic activity on (STZ)-Streptozotocin-induced male albino Wistar rats. A rich phytochemical content, made up of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, etc, was attained together with a high amount of ash content (11.3%) and moisture content (1.27%); further, a total of 25 compounds were positively identified by GC-MS analysis. For antidiabetic activity, different treatment period of 0th day, 21th days, 45th days were taken into consideration. Histopathological studies, considering high blood glucose levels, Serum Glutamic oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT), Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT), and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) levels highlighted no damage in the pancreas tissue cells. Based on the findings of this study, such an insulin plant might be considered a potential source and therapeutic agent for diabetic patients

Molecular cloning and characterization of drought stress responsive abscisic acid-stress-ripening (Asr 1) gene from wild jujube, Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) Wight & Arn

Drought is a calamitous abiotic stress hampering agricultural productivity all over the world and its severity is likely to increase further. Abscisic acid-stress-ripening proteins (ASR), are a group of small hydrophilic proteins which are induced by abscisic acid, stress and ripening in many plants. In the present study, ZnAsr1 gene was fully characterized for the first time from Ziziphus nummularia, which is one of the most low water forbearing plant. Full length ZnAsr1 gene was characterised and in silico analysis of ZnASR1 protein was done for predicting its phylogeny and physiochemical properties. To validate transcriptional pattern of ZnAsr1 in response to drought stress, expression profiling in polyethylene glycol (PEG) induced Z. nummularia seedlings was studied by RT-qPCR analysis and heterologous expression of the recombinant ZnAsr1 in Escherichia coli. The nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the complete open reading frame of ZnAsr1 is 819 bp long encoding a protein of 273 amino acid residues, consisting of a histidine rich N terminus with an abscisic acid/water deficit stress domain and a nuclear targeting signal at the C terminus. In expression studies, ZnAsr1 gene was found to be highly upregulated under drought stress and recombinant clones of E. coli cells expressing ZnASR1 protein showed better survival in PEG containing media. ZnAsr1 was proven to enhance drought stress tolerance in the recombinant E.coli cells expressing ZnASR1. The cloned ZnAsr1 after proper validation in a plant system, can be used to develop drought tolerant transgenic crops